主谓一致的用法及专项练习题

◎供稿：高 洁

一、主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如：

Tom is a good student.

汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground.

他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.

这本书20美元太贵了。

3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。例如：

Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk.

课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

二、主谓一致常考题型

语法一致原则

1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。

The desk is Tom’s.

这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle.

一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.

这些学生正在操场上踢足球。

2.不定代词somebody，someone，something，anybody，anything， everybody，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing作主语的，谓语动词用单数。

Is everyone here today.

今天大家到齐了吗？

Something is wrong with him.

他有毛病。

Nobody was in.

没有人在家。

3.当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。

Mike with his father has been to England.

迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。

Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football

迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.

学生和老师出席了会议。

Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.

格林先生和他的妻子还有两个女儿要来北京。

4.each，either，neither，another，the other作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each of them has an English dictionary.

他们每人都有一本英语词典。

Neither answer is correct.

两个答案都不正确。

Neither of the books is very interesting.

没有一本书有趣。……