酶辅助闪式法提取莲蓬中原花青素的工艺研究

王建美 高红 徐巧娜

[摘要] 目的 研究闪式提取法提取莲蓬中的原花青素的工艺条件。 方法 以莲蓬中原花青素得率为评价指标，单因素试验考察提取溶剂乙醇的体积分数、提取时间、提取次数、料液比等对莲蓬中原花青素提取工艺的影响。以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间及空白为考察对象，进行四因素三水平的正交试验。确定最佳提取工艺参数。 结果 最佳工藝条件为：乙醇的体积分数为60%，提取时间为3 min，液料比40∶1。 结论 采用最佳工艺条件，莲蓬原花青素得率为8.12%，与传统提取法比较具有高效、省时等优点。

[关键词] 原花青素；莲蓬；闪式提取；正交试验；紫外分光光度法

[中图分类号] R284.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2018）09（a）-0025-04

[Abstract] Objective To research on extraction process of proanthocyanidins from seedpod of lotus with homogenate extraction method. Methods Taking the proanthocyanidins yield of seedpod of lotus as the evaluation index， single factor test was used to investigate the effect of volume fraction of solvent extraction， ethanol extraction time， extraction times and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction of procyanidins from seedpod of lotus. The orthogonal tests of four factors and three levels were carried out with ethanol volume fraction， material liquid ratio， extraction time and blank as the object of study. The optimum extraction process parameters were determined. Results The results showed that the optimum process conditions were as followed， the volume fraction of ethanol was 60%， the extraction time was 3 min， and the liquid material ratio was 40∶1. Conclusion With this condition， the proanthocyanidins yield of seedpod of lotus is 8.12%. Compared with the traditional extraction method， the flash method has the advantages of high efficiency and less time.

[Key words] Procyanidins； Seedpod of lotus； Homogenate extraction； Orthogonal test； Ultraviolet spectrophotometry

莲蓬是睡莲科莲属多年生水生草本植物莲（Nelumbo nucifera Graertn.）的成熟花托，其作为莲产品的副产物，资源十分丰富，但在莲加工过程中常常被作为垃圾丢弃。有报道[1-6]，莲蓬中含有较为丰富的原花青素。原花青素是国际上目前公认最有效的清除人体内自由基的天然抗氧化剂，其自由基清除能力和抗氧化功能是维生素E和维生素C的数十倍，能预防和治疗八十多种因自由基引起的疾病，同时也能改善人体微循环[7-9]。此外，它还有抗炎、抗衰老、抗癌变、保护心血管、防止动脉硬化和调节免疫等功能[10-15]。由于原花青素强大的抗氧化活性，以及易溶于极性溶剂，再加上其颜色鲜艳亮丽等特点，符合人们回归自然的需求，常被作为原料或添加剂应用到日化用品、食品、保健品等领域。……