吴斌 徐德坤 姜珊珊 张眉 王升吉 马永利 辛志梅



摘要:葡萄病毒病严重影响葡萄的产量和品质,是制约葡萄产业发展的重要因素。为明确该病害在山东省的最新分布状况及病原种类,2016—2018年采用田间调查结合RT-PCR检测等方法对山东省葡萄主要病毒病进行了研究。结果表明,186份样品中共检出GLRaV-1、GLRaV-3、GRSPaV、GFLV、GFkV 5种病毒,检出率分别为18.82%、9.68%、16.67%、1.61%、33.87%,且复合侵染发生普遍,检出率为16.67%;树龄较大的葡萄园以GLRaV-1、GLRaV-3病毒侵染为主,新建葡萄园以GRSPaV、GFkV病毒侵染为主。研究结果可为山东省葡萄病毒病的早期预防提供理论指导。
关键词:山东省;葡萄病毒病;RT-PCR检测;病原鉴定
中图分类号:S432.4+1 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2019)12-0073-05
Abstract Virus diseases are important threats to the yield and quality of grape, restricting the development of grape industry. In the study, the methods such as RT-PCR and field investigation from 2016 to 2018 were used to investigate the distribution and pathogen species of virus disease in Shandong Province. The results showed that five viruses including GLRaV-1,GLRaV-3,GRSPaV,GFLV and GFkV were detected from 186 samples and the corresponding detection rates were 18.82%,9.68%,16.67%,1.61%,33.87%, respectively.The compound infection commonly occurred with the detection rate of 16.67%. In the vineyards with large tree-age grape,GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 were the main viruses;and in the newly-built vineyards,GRSPaV and GFkV were the main pathogen species. The results provided a theoretic guide for the early prevention against grape virus disease in Shandong Province.
Keywords Shandong Province; Grape virus disease; RT-PCR detection; Pathogen identification
葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)作为一类重要的经济作物,在我国果树生产中具有举足轻重的地位,种植面积和产量均居世界第二位[1],同时也是感染病毒病最多的果树之一,该类病害的发生严重影响葡萄的产量和品质,是制约葡萄产业发展的重要因素[2]。目前,国内外已报道的葡萄病毒病病原种类达66种[3],中国至今仅报道其中13种,包括葡萄卷叶相关病毒1~5、7(grapevine leafroll-associated virus,GLRaV-1~5,7)、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒(grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus,GRSPaV)、葡萄扇叶病毒(grapevine fanleaf virus,GFLV)、葡萄斑點病毒(grapevine fleck virus,GFkV)、葡萄A病毒(grapevine virus A,GVA)、葡萄B病毒(grapevine virus B,GVB)、葡萄E病毒(grapevine virus E,GVE)和灰比诺葡萄病毒(grapevine pinot gris virus,GPGV)等[4-6]。其中,分布较广、危害较重的有GLRaV-1、GLRaV-2、GLRaV-4、GFkV、GFLV和GPGV,而病毒的复合侵染会加重对葡萄的危害[7]。
山东省是葡萄种植大省,常年种植面积在4.32×104 hm2左右,居全国第三位。近年来葡萄产业迅猛发展,栽培面积不断扩大,苗木引种日益频繁,但由于缺乏完善的病毒病检测规范,山东省各地葡萄病毒病发生普遍,尤其是新建果园,严重地块病株率高达60%以上,严重影响了经济效益。……