英文摘要

Effectofutilizationefficiencyofwaterresourcesonhuman-waterharmonyunderintensity-totalcontrol/HUANG Dechun1,2,3, REN Yeping1,3, ZHANG Changzheng1,2,3(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China; 3.Institute of Industrial Economics, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.

Keywords: utilization efficiency of water resource; human-water harmony; water ecological civilization; total control; intensity control

Applicationprinciplesandkeyissuesofaccountingtheoryinelaboratedmanagementofwaterresources/JIA Ling1, GAN Hong1,2, WANG Lin1,2, QIN Changhai1, ZHOU Pu3(1.Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China; 3.Department of Finance and Asset Management, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the demand for elaborated management of water resources in the new era, starting from the method for the micro-process control in accounting and based on the accounting principles such as accounting equation, double-entry bookkeeping and accrual basis, the application principles and key issues of accounting theory in the elaborated management of water resources are analyzed. The framework of water accounting system including water accounting documents, books and statements is established, and a set of reporting system that complies with the basic principles of accounting statements and highlights the characteristics of water resources is proposed. The results show that by taking the water entities or regional economic entities as the accounting subjects, the water accounting provides water-related information for decision-making, and the quality of water-related activities in concrete water entities is evaluated and the effects of those activities on water resources, environment and ecosystem are depicted. This study can meet the demand for innovation of water resource management and the current demand of the most stringent water management system in China. The achievements of this study will lay a foundation for macro-analysis of the whole process in the development, utilization conservation and protection of water resources. Furthermore, it may provide quantitative evidences of amount and quality, stock and flow, physical and valuated quality, and creditor’s rights and debt of water resources in the internal parts of the subject of water resource accounting and the subject of virtual environment.

Keywords: water resource; elaborated management; water resource accounting; environmental accounting; natural resource accounting

EmpiricalresearchesoncompetitivenessofseawaterutilizationindustryinGuangdongProvincebasedonpaneldata/CHEN Aihui, LIU Shujing, WANG Jing, XU Xian (Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization SOA (Tianjin), Tianjin 300192, China)

Abstract: Based on the development status of the seawater utilization industry in Guangdong Province, an evaluation index system for competitiveness is established from the three levels of demand, market performance and input of seawater utilization industry. Using the panel data and factor analysis methods, the competitiveness of seawater utilization industry in 11 coastal provinces and cities is analyzed, and the comprehensive competitiveness of seawater utilization in Guangdong Province and the scores and rankings of various common factors are obtained. Some suggestions are proposed to continuously improve the comprehensive competitiveness of seawater utilization industry in Guangdong Province from the perspective of leveraging advantages of industries, increasing financial support and strengthening personnel training.

Keywords: panel data; factor analysis; seawater utilization; comprehensive competitiveness; Guangdong Province

Designoftransmissionmechanismofdecision-makinginformationoflargehydraulicprojectsbasedonevolutionofpublicopinion/HUA Jian1,2, HU Jinxin1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The study on the micro-evolution process of public opinion in the transmission of decision-making information of large hydraulic projects is of great significance for reducing the risk of social stability and promoting the smooth implementation of decision-making. Based on the Agent modeling method, a social network model for disseminating public opinions is established by means of the complex network theory. With the help of NetLogo 6.0.3 platform, the evolution of public opinions without external intervention is compared with that with the introduction of government, media and social organizations. The results show that the appropriate government involvement can effectively reduce the probability of mass incidents and enhance the role of opinion leaders. However, in order to eradicate the soil of bad public opinions, the public should be guided by the relevant social organizations. In addition, the media has the dual influences on the evolution of public opinions, which needs to be regulated. From the three aspects of information dissemination, information feedback and public opinion monitoring, the transmission mechanism of decision-making information of large hydraulic projects is designed to realize the full and effective dissemination of decision-making information.

Keywords: information transmission; public opinion evolution; government intervention; social organization; media intervention

Effectofenvironmentalregulationonindustrialstructureupgradingofmanufacturingindustry/MA Jun1,2,3, WANG Gaiqin1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Postdoctoral Research Station of Theoretical Economics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 3.Coastal Development and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to investigate whether or not the environmental regulation can promote the upgrading of coastal manufacturing industry structure, the effect of the environmental regulation on the industrial structure upgrading of the coastal manufacturing industry is empirically studied by adopting the panel data of 11 provinces (cities) in coastal areas from 2007 to 2016 based on the administrative regulation and market regulation. The results show that the administrative environmental regulation is stronger than market-oriented environmental one in coastal areas, but the effect of the market-oriented environmental regulation on promoting the upgrading of coastal manufacturing industry structure is more significant than that of the administrative environmental regulation. The cross terms of the environmental regulation, technological innovation and foreign investment have hindered the upgrading of manufacturing industry structure, among which the administrative environmental regulation has forced better technological innovation, and the market-based environmental regulation has a better interaction with the foreign investment. The industrial scale has inhibited the upgrading of the industrial structure of the manufacturing industry. The level of trading and the scale of investment have contributed significantly to the upgrading of the industrial structure of the coastal manufacturing industry. Therefore, the coastal areas should rationally allocate the environmental regulation tools, pay more attention to the market-based environmental regulation tools, increase the conversion rate of technological innovation results, optimize the introduction of foreign investment projects, reduce the scale of backward industries, continue to maintain the level of opening up, and give full play to the positive effect of the investment demand on the upgrading of coastal manufacturing industry structure.

Keywords: manufacturing industry; environmental regulation; industrial structure upgrading; indirect effect; coastal area

Influencesofheterogeneityoftransactionsubjectsonpriceofwaterrightsbasedoncaseobservation/TIAN Guiliang. JIA Meng (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to deeply investigate the influencing factors for the transaction price of water rights, the influencing factors for the price of water rights are empirically studied by using the multiple regression models and the moderating effects based on the cases from the national trading platform of China. The results show that the lower the GDP of the transferred region, the lower the per capita water capacity, the higher the industrial average profit rate of the transaction subjects, the higher the transaction price of water rights. Simultaneously, the industrial average profit rate of the transaction subjects significantly regulates the mechanism of per capita water capacity on the transaction price of water rights. Compared with the main subject category of transactions between agriculture and industry, when the transaction occurs between farmers, the negative influences of per capita water resources on the transaction price of water rights are weakened. When the transaction is in the government departments, the negative influences of per capita water resources on the transaction price of water rights are further enhanced. The research achievements may provide a certain reference for the further standardization of the water pricing mechanism and improving the transaction mechanism of water rights.

Keywords: transaction price of water right; per capita water capacity; heterogeneity of transaction subjects; industrial average profit rate; moderating effect

CooperativebargainingmodelforregionalwaterrighttransactionbasedonNashbargaining/LIU Gang1,2, HU Fan1, WANG Weiqian1, WANG Yixin1, LI Changyan3(1.Institute of Management Sciences, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2.Center for Coastal Development and Protection, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 3.Business Administration College, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China)

Abstract: Aiming at the conflict problem of dual-shortage of water amount and quality in Jiangsu Province, considering the bargaining powers of various decision-making bodies in the water right transaction, a Nash-bargaining cooperative bargaining model for the regional cross-industry water right transaction is established based on the quasi-market transaction mode by using the cooperative game theory. Then, the optimum price of water right transaction under the quasi-market condition is given. Finally, taking the cross-industry water right transaction between industry and agriculture in Jiangsu Province as an example, the case study is carried out to analyze the effects of transaction water volume and bargaining power on the price of water rights. The research results show that the total amount and unit price of water right transaction are positively correlated, but the unit price of water right transaction has an upper limit, and the price ceiling is affected by the regulation of governmental departments. The water right transaction can effectively promote the incomes of industrial and agricultural entities in Jiangsu Province. At the same time, the increase in the transaction volume and price can effectively enhance the overall social welfare in Jiangsu Province. In the case of high transaction water volume, the bargaining power of purchaser of the water right transaction has a stronger effect on improving the overall welfare of the water right transaction.

Keywords: water right trading; cooperative bargaining model; Nash-Bargaining; Jiangsu Provice

Conflictsoverwaterrightsandcoordinationmeasuresinsmallwatershedsfromperspectiveofqualityofwaterrights/ZHAO Jian, HU Jilian (College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China)

Abstract: From the perspective of quality of water rights, the main incentives and coordinative measures of water rights for small watersheds are studied. The conflicts over water rights of small watersheds characterized by diversification of subjects, serious spillover effects and violent conflicts caused by confrontation are summarized, and the classic cases are introduced. The incentives for conflicts over water rights in the small watersheds are analyzed. The results show that when the water rights are expressed in low quality, the transaction costs of other water users are reduced. Meanwhile, the probability of opportunistic behaviour increases. The transfer level of water rights is low, and new conflicts over water rights continuously increase. In addition, the low quality of water rights also causes a series of effects such as stagnation, frequent fluctuation and decline of water rights, and thus it leads to frequent conflicts over water rights. Therefore, the government should innovate the investment and financing mechanism of water infrastructure in the small watersheds, establish the water right allocation mechanism for the small watersheds, promote the construction of water right markets in the small watersheds and introduce the ecological compensation mechanism so as to coordinate the conflicts over water rights caused by low-quality water rights.

Keywords: small watershed; water right quality; water right conflict; coordination measure

VariationcharacteristicsofwaterdemandofsummermaizecropandpossiblefuturetrendsinHebeiProvince/CAO Yongqiang1, LIU Mingyang1, ZHANG Lufang2(1.School of Urban Planning and Environmental Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; 2.Institute of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

Abstract: Based on the observed data at 8 meteorological stations in the main producing areas of summer maize in Hebei Province from 1963 to 2015, nearly 50 years, the water demand of summer maize during the whole growth period is calculated by using the Penman-Monteith model recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the crop coefficient approach, and combined with the predicted future climate scenarios with two emission scenarios RCP 2.6 (Low emission scenario) and RCP 8.5 (Continued emission scenario) of “IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios”, the spatiotemporal evolution rules of future water demand of summer maize in Hebei Province under climate change is discussed. The results indicate that the water demand of summer maize in Hebei Province from 1963 to 2015 shows a decreasing trend. From the spatial distribution, Huanghua area is the highest value center of water demand, and it gradually decreases from northeast to southwest, and the lowest value center is formed in Xingtai area. From the perspective of future climate change scenarios, with regard to the baseline period (2015) and under the scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, the water demand of summer maize during the whole growing season in the future four typical years of 2020, 2030, 2050, and 2070 shows an increasing trend.

Keywords: summer maize; water demand; future climate; Hebei Province

Evaluationofutilizationefficiencyofregionalagriculturalwaterresourcesbasedonthree-stageDEA-Malmquistmodel/SUN Fuhua1,2, CHEN Rujia1,2, ZHANG Zhaofang1,2(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.Institute of Environmental Accounting and Asset Management, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The agriculture is a “large water consumer”. Scientific evaluation of the utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources may provide the basis for the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization. Based on the DEA-Malmquist index, an evaluation model for the utilization efficiency of agricultural water, which excludes the factors of resource endowment, economic level and government expenditure, is established. The utilization efficiency of agricultural water in 31 provinces (regions, cities) from 2011 to 2015 is estimated, and its heterogeneity in spatial pattern and time series is analyzed. The results show that the redundancy value of agricultural water is positively correlated with the water resource endowment, economic level and effective irrigation area, while it is negatively correlated with the government expenditure on agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Changes in technological progress lead to changes in productivity, while those in scale efficiency restrict changes in the technological efficiency. The rational allocation of financial funds, improvement of production technology and expansion of agricultural production scale are the main direction of solutions to the utilization efficiency of agricultural water.

Keywords: utilization efficiency of agricultural water; rural revitalization strategy; three-stage DEA; Malmquist index; influencing factor

EvaluationofoperationalefficiencyofagriculturalwaterconservancyprojectsinChinabasedoninter-provincialpaneldata/WANG Baoqian, ZHANG Hengyuan, LUO Weifeng (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: In order to improve the performance of agricultural water conservancy projects, the super-efficiency DEA model and the Malmquist index are respectively employed to calculate the operational efficiencies of agricultural water conservancy projects in 25 provinces (cities) in China by using their panel data, and the influencing factors for the operational efficiencies of agricultural water conservancy projects are analyzed. The results show the operational efficiencies of agricultural water conservancy projects in the eastern coastal provinces are much higher than those in the western provinces, and they have great differences among various regions. There is a decreasing trend of scale efficiency of water conservancy construction investment in the eastern provinces and an increasing trend in the western ones. The improvement of pure technical efficiency has promoted the improvement of the operational efficiencies of agricultural water conservancy projects, and the technological progress is the main factor to improve the operational efficiencies of agricultural water conservancy projects. Therefore, we should continue to strengthen infrastructure construction in the western areas and refine the direction of water resources investment in the eastern areas.

Keywords: agricultural water conservancy project; operational efficiency; super-efficiency DEA model; Malmquist index

RiskassessmentofrainstormdisastersinNanjingbasedoncloudmatter-elementmodel/CHEN Junfei1,2, CHEN Mengchen1, GAO Shipei3, XU Jianping3, ZHOU Pei1(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 3.Hydraulic Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China)

Abstract: Based on their formation mechanism and attribute characteristics, the risk assessment indices for the urban rainstorm disasters are formulated from three aspects：disaster-causing factors, disaster-pregnant environment and hazard-affected bodies, and the relevant classification criteria are proposed. The cloud matter-element model is established by coupling the cloud model with the matter-element analysis method. The urban storm-flood risks in Nanjing from 2011 to 2016 are assessed, and the urban flood risk grades are also obtained. The results show that the risk of urban rainwater and flood in Nanjing is at a higher level in summer, and the possibility being suffered from high-risk rainstorm disasters increases year by year. Finally, based on the current situations of its urban rainstorm risks, the countermeasures for rainstorm management in Nanjing are put forward in terms of improving the density of drainage pipe network, strengthening the construction of rainwater storage facilities, reducing the urban impervious area, increasing the investment of municipal flood control and improving the capability of emergency treatment of urban rainstorms.

Keywords: cloud matter-element model; urban rainstorm disaster; risk assessment; Nanjing

Innovationofwatergovernancesysteminnewerafromholisticperspective/ZOU Siyu, WANG Jigan (Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The people’s desire to pursue a beautiful ecological environment in the new era puts forward higher requirements for the modernization of water governance in China. The water governance system also needs to be constantly improved and innovated to ensure the comprehensive construction and balanced development of water governance. Based on the theory of holistic governance, with regard to the faced challenges and fragmentation dilemma in the water governance in China, the improvement of the combined party-government-mass governance system, harmonious water governance cultural system, internal coordination mechanism, external joined-up mechanism and information mutual communication mechanism is discussed, and the operation mode of holistic water governance with two dimensions between the goal and the means is proposed.

Keywords: new era; water governance; water governance system; holistic governance

Publicparticipationinimplementationofdemarcationofriverchannelmanagementscope/PANG Yawei, HU Yulong, WEN Xuan, LÜ Xiaoyan (Jiangsu Province Engineering Investigation and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225002, China)

Abstract: The river channel management scope is demarcated mainly in the form of embedment such as boundary markers, termini, billboards on the management scope line. They are characterized by a large number of signs, various many villages and restricted motion of boundary markers, etc. It is easy to cause contradictions and requires the effective public participation. Based on the demarcation project of rivers and lakes in J County in north Jiangsu Province, it is found that the public participation in the implementation of this project has problems such as lack of institutional guarantees, insufficient of information disclosure and propaganda, simple participation mode, poor continuity of participation, and difficulty in coordinating technical requirements with local customs, etc. Accordingly, the public participation mechanism should be established from the perspective of the subjects, platforms, approaches, contents and methods of participation.

Keywords: water conservancy project management; river channel management scope; demarcation; sign embedment; public participation