土拨鼠日:春天由土拨鼠说了算

2019-05-31 08:44
阅读与作文(英语高中版) 2019年6期
关键词:宾夕法尼亚州土拨鼠布里

在北美,每年2月2日,人们都要庆祝“土拨鼠日”。在这一天,一只土拨鼠会告诉人们春天什么时候到来。虽然这个节日的具体来源已经无法查明,但人们相信它是由凯尔特节日“圣布里吉德节”和基督教节日“圣烛节”演变而来的。1887年,在宾夕法尼亚州的彭格苏塔维尼市,美国人第一次庆祝了这个节日。此后,彭格苏塔维尼的庆祝活动成为了最有名的土拨鼠日,“彭格苏塔维尼菲尔”也顺理成章地当上了全世界最有名的土拨鼠。

在预测完天气后,菲尔会和土拨鼠俱乐部的主席窃窃私语(说了什么只有在任主席才能听懂),其预测会由主席翻译到全世界。按照菲尔粉丝的说法,这世上由始至终只有一只菲尔,他是独一无二的,其他土拨鼠都是冒牌货。但土拨鼠的寿命一般只有6到8年,菲尔是靠什么活到现在的呢?原来,每年夏天,菲尔都要喝一种具有神奇效力的潘趣酒,每喝一次,就能多活7年,神奇吧?(不过这只是传说而已啦。)

关于土拨鼠日还有什么有趣的故事,马上为你送上——

On this day, we trust a rodent to predict the weather. And today well be learning more about Groundhog Day.

Groundhog Day is celebrated annually on February 2nd. On this day, people use a groundhog to determine the length of the current winter season and the possible early onset of spring. This weather prediction is dependent on the days conditions. Six more weeks of winter are on the way if sunshine causes the groundhog to see its shadow and go back into hibernation—

(soundbite of the movie Groundhog Day)

Member of Inner Circle: Sorry folks. Six more weeks of winter.

—While clouds and gray skies prevent the appearance of the groundhogs shadow and result in springs speedy arrival.

The period between the winter solstice and spring equinox has been important throughout history. For instance, the Celts注1 anticipated spring by celebrating the pagan festival of“Imbolc注2.” Some people believe Imbolc then evolved into the Christian holiday of Candlemas, which celebrates the presentation of Jesus at the Temple and falls on the second of February. It was during the Middle Ages that Europeans began to rely on the shadows of hibernating animals as an indication of incoming weather. During the seventeen and eighteen hundreds, German immigrants brought this belief to the United States and selected the groundhog as the chosen animal in Pennsylvania.

这一天,我们指望一只啮齿动物来预测天气。现在,我们将进一步了解“土拨鼠日”。

每年2月2日,人们都会庆祝土拨鼠日。在这一天,人们以一只土拨鼠来决定当年冬季的长短,并预测可能早到的春天。这种天气预测根据当天的情况决定。如果太阳令土拨鼠看到自己的影子、回去继续冬眠,就意味着冬天还有六个星期才结束——

(电影《土拨鼠之日》声音片段)“小圈子”成员:不好意思,各位,冬天还有六個星期。

——如果那天多云阴天,土拨鼠看不到自己的影子,就代表春天很快就要到来。

冬至和春分之间的时期在历史上一直很重要。例如,凯尔特人通过庆祝异教节日“圣布里吉德节”期盼春天的到来。有人相信圣布里吉德节随后演变成基督教节日“圣烛节”。圣烛节是纪念(圣母玛丽亚)在圣殿中把耶稣献给主的节日,日子落在2月的第二天。中世纪起,欧洲人开始依赖冬眠动物的影子预测不久之后的天气状况。十八、十九世纪期间,德国移民把这种信仰带到了美国,并在宾夕法尼亚州选择了土拨鼠作为指定动物。

注1:凯尔特人为公元前2000年活动在中欧的一些有着共同的文化和语言特质的、有亲缘关系的民族的统称。

注2:Imbolc又叫圣布里吉德节(Saint Brighids Day),是一个凯尔特节日,以庆祝春天的到来。

The first official celebration of Groundhog Day occurred in that states city of Punxsutawney in the late 1880s, when several businessmen and groundhog hunters of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club watched the groundhog observing his shadow. Though this holiday has since spread across North America, the biggest annual Groundhog Day celebrations remain in its place of origin, where a groundhog dubbed Punxsutawney Phil predicts the weather. Tens of thousands of people and countless media outlets visit the city during early February to participate in festivities that include music and food.

For the actual ceremony, Phil is relocated to Gobblers Knob by his handlers made up of a group of top hat and tuxedo-wearing individuals called “The Inner Circle.” Though the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club maintains that Phil is right up to 90% of the time, studies have shown the number is actually closer to less than 40%. This has done nothing to quell peoples interest and fascination with the groundhogs forecasts. In fact, the holiday was given an even bigger 26)boost following the successful 1993 comedy, Groundhog Day.

(soundbite of the movie Groundhog Day)

Phil Connors: This one time where television really fails to capture the true excitement of a large squirrel predicting the weather.

Set in Punxsutawney, the film also led to “Groundhog Day” being used as an expression for experiencing situations over and over again.

(soundbite of the movie Groundhog Day)

Connors: Do you ever have déjà vu, Mrs. Lancaster?

第一次正式的土拨鼠日庆祝仪式发生在19世纪80年代后期,地点是宾夕法尼亚州的彭格苏塔维尼市。当时,一些商人和彭格苏塔维尼土拨鼠俱乐部的土拨鼠猎人目睹了土拨鼠观察自己影子的一幕。尽管这个节日后来传播到北美各地,但最大型的年度土拨鼠日庆祝活动依然属于其起源地——一只名叫“彭格苏塔维尼菲尔”的土拨鼠会在此预测天气。成千上万的观众和无数媒体会在2月初造访该市,参加有音乐和食物的各种庆祝活动。

到了真正的仪式,菲尔会被负责照料他的训导员——一群戴着高帽、穿着燕尾服、人称“小圈子”的人——安置到火鸡丘。虽然彭格苏塔维尼土拨鼠俱乐部坚称菲尔的准确率高达90%,但研究显示,这个数字其实还不到40%。然而,这丝毫阻挡不了人们对土拨鼠预报的兴趣和热情。事实上,自1993年喜剧《土拨鼠之日》大获成功后,这个节日的名气就更上一层楼了。

(电影《土拨鼠之日》声音片段)菲尔·康纳斯:这一次,电视确实无法捕捉到由一只大松鼠预测天气所带来的真实兴奋感。

这部背景设在彭格苏塔维尼的电影还让“土拨鼠日”这个词衍生出“一遍又一遍地经历同一场景”的意思。

(电影《土拨鼠之日》声音片段)康纳斯:兰开斯特太太,你有过déjà vu(记忆错觉)吗?

Mrs. Lancaster: I dont think so, but I could check with the kitchen.

For movies and TV shows to childrens toys, Phil and Groundhog Day have appeared in pop culture on numerous occasions. Though Groundhog Day is mostly observed in North America, other countries practice similar traditions. Some American states use other animals instead of the groundhog. Meanwhile, the Canadian city of Wiarton in Ontario, is home to a popular festival based around a groundhog named Wiarton Willie.

兰开斯特太太:我想没有,但我可以问问厨房。

从电影、电视节目到小孩子的玩具,菲尔和土拨鼠日在无数场合的流行文化中出現。尽管土拨鼠日主要在北美庆祝,其他国家也有类似的传统。美国一些州会用其他动物代替土拨鼠。另一边,加拿大安大略省的怀尔顿市也有一个很受欢迎的节日,主角是一只叫“怀尔顿威利”的土拨鼠。

电影《土拨鼠之日》

男主角菲尔(比尔·默瑞饰)是尖酸刻薄的匹兹堡电视台气象报告员,工作态度马虎。不料他在采访土拨鼠日时意外陷入了不断重复某一天的时光隧道,每天过着同样的生活,从早上起床就会遇到同样的人,做同样的事,令他烦恼得要寻死,但怎么样也死不成。于是他反过来修身养性,改善人际关系,竟然变成了一个广受欢迎的好人,跟电视节目制作人(安迪·麦克道威尔饰)之间的爱情也修成正果。

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