红松无性系和优树种子性状及营养成分分析

王玮槐　陈雨桐　党乾顺　侯丹　李志新　张含国　王金宁　赵长海

摘要：目的：以9個无性系及21个优树的红松种子作为研究对象，研究各性状在无性系水平及优树间的变化规律。方法：测定其表型性状及营养成分，并利用变异分析、方差分析及主成份分析等方法进行分析。结果：种子表型性状的变异系数为9.78%～18.58%，变异最小的是种子宽，最大的是种仁重;种仁营养成分的变异系数为0.22%～55.17%，变异最小的是脂肪酸，最大的是多糖。除种仁含水率及脂肪酸含量外，其他性状在整体、无性系及优树上基本皆达到差异显著或极显著水平。表型性状表现良好的无性系为省69、省67及省51，优树为北007、北024、北028及1086;营养成分表现良好的无性系为省45、省67及省71，优树为北024、北026、017及1063。结论：9个无性系12个性状前3个主分量累计贡献率为87%， Zk 值排前3位的是省51、省67及省69。

关键词：红松：种子;营养成分;变异;方差分析;主成份分析

中图分类号：S791.247文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-8023（2019）02-0011-10

Analysis of Characters and Nutritional Components of Pinus

koraiensis Seeds on Clones and Superior Trees

WANG Weihuai 1，CHEN Yutong 1，DANG Qianshun 1，HOU Dan 1，LI Zhixin 1，ZHANG Hanguo 1，WANG Jinning 2， ZHAO Changhai 3

（1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040; 2. Bohai Forest Seed Orchard in Ning'an City， Mudanjiang 157400; 3. Xiaobeihu Mother Forest Farm， Mudanjiang 157400）

Abstract：Taking  Pinus koraiensis  seeds of the 9 clones and 21 superior trees as research objects， and the change regulation of all characters between the clones and superior trees were studied. The phenotypic characters and nutritional components were determined， and the mainly analysis methods used in this study included variation analysis， variance analysis and principal component analysis. The main research results were as follows： the coefficient of variation of seed phenotypic characters was 9.78-18.58%. The variation of seed width was the smallest and seed kernel weight was the largest. The variation coefficient of nutritional components characters was 0.22-55.71%. The variation of fatty acid was the smallest and polysaccharide was the largest. There were significant or extremely significant differences in all traits at the level of entirety， clones and superior trees， except for water content in seed kernel and fatty acids. The clones with good phenotypic traits were bs69， bs67 and bs51， and the superior trees with good phenotypic traits were b007， b024， b028 and 1086. The clones with good nutritional components traits were bs45， bs67 and bs71， and the superior trees with good nutritional components traits were b024， b026， 017 and 1063. The conclusions were as follows： the total contribution rate of the 3 principal components of the 12 characters in 9 clones was 87%. The top 3 clones by  Zk  value were bs51， bs67 and bs69.

Keywords： Pinus koraiensis ; seed; nutritional components; variation; variance analysis; principal component analysis

0引言

红松（ Pinus koraiensis ），松科松属，常绿乔木，其果实营养丰富，是东北地区主要经济林树种，也是主要建群种之一 [1]。红松种子形态和营养成分存在丰富的变异 [2-3]，其作为坚果林的经济价值得到重视和开发， 食用药用价值也逐渐被利用 [4]。松仁富含粗蛋白、粗脂肪、多糖、维生素、矿物质以及多种微量元素，具有很好的医疗保健和营养价值 [5-6]，如不饱和脂肪酸对机体细胞因子具有促进和保护作用 [7-8]，所含必需氨基酸对人体也大有裨益。

本研究以9个无性系、21个优树的红松种子为研究对象，结合变异分析、方差分析、相关分析及主成份分析等对表型性状及种仁营养成分进行分析，为红松无性系选育及坚果林营建提供参考。……