非谓语动词考点回顾

甄红

在最近三年的高考中，全国Ⅰ卷的语法填空中每年有两道题考查非谓语动词，并且有可能同时在短文改错中再设一题（如2018年），占分值3—4分。在全国Ⅱ卷和全国Ⅲ卷中，非谓语动词考查力度更大，占的分值更多。最近五年的语法填空和最近11年的短文改错在非谓语动词方面究竟考查了哪些具体内容？又是如何考的？让我们一起来将这些题回顾一遍。

考点1：介词后用动名词做宾语。

这是考频最高的考点。在介词后可以用名词或动名词做宾语，但若其后有宾语或有状语等修饰时，只能用动名词做宾语。

填空：

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________（die）early by running.（dying）

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________（eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat ...（eating）

（2015年全国Ⅱ卷）In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air-condition”a house without__________（use）electric equipment. （using）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）One morning， I was waiting at the bus stop， worried about ______（be）late for school.（being）

（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）But unlike her school friends， 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term（in） ________（rest）.〔resting，原题中没有in，但空格前可看作省略了介词in，即spend ...（in）doing sth结构中in常省略〕

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.（selling）

（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.（wearing）

（2015年全國Ⅱ卷）After looks at the toy for some time， he turned around and found ...（looking）

（2016年全国Ⅱ卷）We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.（taking）

（2008年全国课标卷）Looking forward to hear from you soon.（hearing）

（2010年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）I look forward to see her again in the near future.（seeing）

（2013年全国大纲）He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.（talking）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）Weve been writing to each other for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you.（talking）

考点2：只能接不定式做宾语的动词。

填空：

（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）But Sarah， ... ， wants________ （prove）that she has brains as well as beauty.（to prove）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver， but he refused ________（stop）until we reached the next stop.（to stop）

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）... but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me. （watch）

（2010年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）He agreed to reading my story and ...（read）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）My father was so pleased that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying there for half a month ...（stay）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）In short， I will do my best to help making the Games a success.（make）

注：在help后的不定式常省略to，即help do sth。

提示：这类动词需要熟记的有 afford to do sth， agree to do sth， aim to do sth， apply to do sth， arrange to do sth， attempt to do sth， ask to do sth， beg to do sth， choose to do sth， decide to do sth， determine to do sth， expect to do sth， want to do sth， hope to do sth， wish to do sth， long to do sth， fail to do sth， guarantee to do sth， hesitate to do sth， happen to do sth， learn to do sth， manage to do sth， offer to do sth， pretend to do sth， prepare to do sth， plan to do sth， intend to do sth， promise to do sth， undertake to do sth等。

考點3：只能接动名词做宾语的动词。

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid __________ （look）directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.（looking）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）Still， the boy kept __________ （ride）. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. （riding）

（2016年全国Ⅰ卷）My ambassadorial duties will include ________（introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas ...（introducing）

（2017年全国Ⅱ卷）It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road， __________（lay）the track and then building a strong roof ... （laying）

提示：这类动词需要熟记的有admit doing sth， appreciate doing sth， avoid doing sth， advise doing sth， suggest doing sth， allow doing sth， permit doing sth， consider doing sth， practise doing sth， enjoy doing sth， dislike doing sth， finish doing sth， discuss doing sth， escape doing sth， imagine doing sth， include doing sth， mind doing sth， miss doing sth，以及be worth doing sth， be busy doing sth， feel like doing sth， put off /delay doing sth， cant stand doing sth等。

考点4：接不定式做宾补的动词。

填空：

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）Once his message was delivered， he allowed me __________（stay）and watch.（to stay）

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________（process）the food ...（to process）

改错：

（2017年全国Ⅱ卷）When summer comes， they will invite their students ∧ pick the fresh vegetables！（增加to）

（2011年全国大纲Ⅱ卷） My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.（stay）

注：make sb do sth中do不带to。

（2014年全国大纲）Otherwise， it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.（删除to）

（2012年全国课标）Meanwhile， I found out that with more patience， I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.（删除to）

注：在make， let， have等使役动词和see， hear， watch， observe， notice等感官动词后做宾补的不定式省略to。

（2009年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）A little girl was hurt and her mother needed help. So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.（go）

注：在help sb to do sth中的to可要可不要。

提示：这类……