周清雅 侯心一 王雪松



摘 要:非机动车是城市交通系统中的重要组成部分,如何减少非机动车事故、提升其安全性,成为了社会关注的重点问题。为解决非机动车安全研究中交通暴露数据难以获取的问题,学者们开始注重探索利用更丰富多元的数据开展分析。为从规划和管理层面指导安全改善、减少事故,宏观安全研究及针对事故类型的分析受到了学者的广泛关注。旨在减轻事故后果的事故严重程度研究也是热点之一。在非机动车项目与规范方面,学者们更加注重对已有的经验进行总结、评估和更新。本文从非机动车数据采集、事故影响因素分析、事故严重程度影响因素分析、非机动车项目与规范四方面,分类总结了近两年关于非机动车安全的最新研究进展,以期为未来开展非机动车研究和进行实际安全改善提供指导。
关键词:非机动车;交通安全;数据采集;事故影响因素;事故严重程度
Recent research progress on non-motor vehicle safety
ZHOU Qingya1 , HOU Xinyi 2 , WANG Xuesong1
(1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; 2. Shanghai Traffic Police Headquarter, Shanghai200070, China)
Abstract: Non-motor vehicles are important participants in urban traffic. How to reduce non-motor vehicle crashes as well as improving their safety is a key issue of social concern. To address the lack of traffic exposure data in non-motor vehicle safety study, scholars begin to explore the use of more diverse data when conducting analysis. In order to guide safety improvement and to reduce crashes in the aspect of planning and management, macro-level safety research and crash type analysis have been given considerable attention. Crash severity analysis aiming at mitigating the impact of crashes is also a hot topic. In terms of projects and guides involving non-motor vehicles, scholars focus more on reviewing, evaluating and updating their existing experience. This paper summarizes the latest 2-year progress on non-motor vehicle safety in terms of data collection, factors affecting crashes and crash severity, projects and industrial guides, hopefully to provide advice for future research and practical application in the field of non-motor vehicle safety.
Keywords: Non-motor vehicle; traffic safety; data collection; influencing factors of crashes; crash severity
非機动车是城市交通的重要组成部分。据国家统计局数据,2017年全年我国脚踏自行车产量达7105.24万辆;据中国自行车协会统计,到 2018年10月,我国电动自行车车保有量已达2.5亿辆。然而,在道路交通通行中的弱势交通方式,非机动车驾驶员在事故中更易受到伤害甚至死亡,其安全状况堪忧。据公安部交通管理局统计[1],在2015年上海市死亡和受伤交通事故中,非机动车交通事故的占比高达63.9%和82.3%。面对如此严峻的形势,总结最新的非机动车安全研究经验,指导交通安全规划与管理以改善现状,势在必行。……