王艳波 秦虹云 尤志栋 王雪松 赵旭东



摘 要:探讨驾驶人内源性心理因素(人格、认知胶情绪)及外源性心理因素(压力与职业倦怠)对其风险驾驶行为的影响,以为促进驾驶员安全驾驶行为干预提供实证依据。本研究对214例驾驶人进行问卷调查。调查内容包括研究对象一般信息,研究对象的冲动性人格,愤怒认知、焦虑抑郁情绪及压力和职业倦怠等心理学变量对驾驶人风险駕驶行为的影响。研究结果表明,研究对象冲动性人格,愤怒认知,抑郁、焦虑情绪及压力和职业倦怠等变量均与风险驾驶行为呈显著正相关,其中运动冲动人格,躯体攻击想法,焦虑,压力及职业倦怠为等因素可显著预测驾驶人风险驾驶行为。驾驶人培训与交通安全教育应包括提升驾驶员对自我与驾驶行为相关性的认知,并加强认知行为干预。
关键词:冲动性人格;愤怒认知;焦虑抑郁;压力;风险驾驶行为
Influence of drivers psychological factors on their risk driving behavior
WANG Yanbo1, QIN Hongyun1, YOU ZHidong2, WANG Xuesong1, ZHAO Xudong1
(1. Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China; 2. Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, Wuxi 214151, China)
Abstract: To explore the effect of the psychological factors on the drivers risk driving behaviors. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 214 drivers using a convenient sampling method. The survey included general information about the subjects, endogenous psychological factors (such as personality, cognition and emotion) and exogenous psychological factors(stress and burnout), and risk driving behavior characteristics. RESULTS: Impulsive personality, anger cognition, depression, anxiety, stress and burnout were all significantly positively correlated with risk driving behavior. Motor impulsive personality, physical assault, anxiety, stress and burnout are the main predictors of drivers risk driving behavior. Drivers safe driving behavior should be managed from multiple levels of safety education and behavioral psychological intervention.
Keywords: Impulsive personality; drivers anger thought; anxiety and depression; stress; burnout; risk driving behavior
道路交通事故是许多国家重要的公共健康问题。世界卫生组织2018年数据显示,世界上每年因道路交通事故致死人数达135万,是导致儿童青少年死亡的首要原因 [1]。我国是世界上最大的发展中国家,道路交通安全形势非常严峻。道路交通事故致死率及致残率高,社会危害大,经济损失严重。
大量研究表明,驾驶人风险驾驶行为是引发交通事故的主要原因,已成为公共交通安全的重要关注点。引发风险驾驶行为的因素涉及环境及个人因素。从个人心理层面寻找驾驶人风险驾驶行为的影响因素,从而制定针对性干预措施,一直为近年来交通安全管理的重要研究方向。……