乌塌菜核不育系配制杂交组合初探

徐巍　刘慧英　崔金霞　高攀

摘    要：为筛选乌塌菜优良杂交组合，选育优良杂交种，以3个乌塌菜核基因雄性不育系与4个自交系配制12个杂交组合与常规品种进行了比较试验，对主要农艺性状包括植物学性状、产量、营养品质指标进行了测定。结果表明，杂交组合C6、C9小区产量、植株群体整齐度高于对照品种，营养品质指标维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量较高，有机酸含量较低。C6、C9这2个杂交组合综合性状优良，杂种优势显著。

关键词：乌塌菜; 杂交组合; 杂种优势

Abstract： In order to screen the dominant hybrid combinations and breed the excellent hybrid， comparative experiments were carried out on twelve hybrid combinations of three genetic male sterile lines and four inbred lines， the agronomic characters such as botany characters， yield and nutritional quality indexes of groups were investigated. The results showed that the yield and plant population uniformity of the hybrid combination C6 and C9 were higher than the control， the nutritional quality indexes including ascorbic acid， soluble sugar and soluble protein were higher than other groups， on the contrary， the organic acid contents were lower than other groups. These two hybrid combinations C6 and C9 exhibited excellent comprehensive characters and significant heterosis.

Key words： Savoy; Hybrid combination; Heterosis

烏塌菜是十字花科芸薹属芸薹种白菜亚种的一个变种，又名乌菜、塌菜、黑菜、塌棵菜、塌地菘等。其植株根系分布浅，须根发达，茎短缩，叶面有褶皱，叶色浓绿至墨绿，为2年生草本植物。乌塌菜耐寒性较强，对土壤的适应性强，另营养成分含量高，因叶片中富含维生素C和矿物质而被称为“维他命”菜[1-4]。可周年生产，四季供应，在我国长江流域，江苏、上海、安徽等地栽培普遍，近年来栽培区域越来越广泛。

目前关于乌塌菜的研究相对较少，生产上应用的品种也大多为常规品种。乌塌菜常规品种存在着整齐性较差，生长速度慢，并且在连年留种过程中，由于机械、生物、不良环境等因素易导致品种出现混杂和退化，从而影响产量和品质[5]。乌塌菜为两性花异花授粉作物，杂种优势显著，为了解决常规品种存在的问题，应利用其杂种优势，积极选育乌塌菜优良杂交种，提高品种的产量和品质，从而提高经济效益，促进乌塌菜在生产上的推广。……