pH值、灭菌条件和凝固剂对马铃薯组培苗生长的影响

2019-08-03 07:16:06刘芳陈广侠孔海明马蕾杨煜郭晓杨晓慧董道峰杨元军
山东农业科学 2019年3期

刘芳 陈广侠 孔海明 马蕾 杨煜 郭晓 杨晓慧 董道峰 杨元军

摘要:为改善马铃薯组培苗的生长状态,本试验以Favorita组培苗为材料,研究培养基pH值、凝固剂和灭菌条件对马铃薯植株生长的影响。结果表明,在120C灭菌20min的培养基上,植株生长较好。培养基pH值为5.5时,植株最高,叶片数最多。植株在5.0g/L车前子胶的培养基上生长健壮,干物质积累量最多。车前子胶培养基的渗透压最高,其凝胶强度仅为琼脂培养基的36.14%。

关键词:培养基;灭菌条件;车前子胶;马铃薯组培苗

Effects of pH Value, Sterilization Conditions andJelling Agent Plantasan on Growth of Potato PlantletLiu Fang1 , Chen Guangxia1 , Kong Haiming2 , Ma Lei1 , Yang Yu1 ,

Abstract In order to improve the growth vigor of potato plantlet, the plantlets of cultivar. Favorita wereused as materials to investigate the effects of pH value, jelling agents and sterilization conditions on the growthof potato plantlets. The results showed that the plantlets grew better on the medium sterilized at 120℃ for 20min. The plant height and the number of leaves were higher at pH 5.5. Compared with the agar medium, theplant lets grew more robustly and the dry matter accumulation was higher on the 5.0 - g/L plantasan medium.Moreover, the plantasan medium had the highest osmotic pressure, and the gel strength was only 36.14% ofthat of the agar medium.

Keywords Medium; Sterilization condition; Plantasan; Potato plantlet

馬铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是我国第四大作物,随着脱毒种薯大面积推广应用,脱毒组培苗的规模化繁殖与保存也发展迅速。但近年来伴随马铃薯组培苗繁殖代数的增加,一些不良症状逐渐显现,表现在植株退化、生长势减弱、叶片出现生理性愈伤状凸起等。目前解决这些问题的主要措施:将组培苗移栽至防蚜网棚或温室,使其恢复生长状态,在确保无病毒侵染的前提下,取健壮茎尖组培,再繁殖茎尖产生的脱毒组培苗;优化组培苗培养环境,适当降低温湿度,红蓝光培养时,增加LED 460 nm蓝光比例;调整培养基组分。这些措施综合应用,可有效使马铃薯组培苗复壮。其中调整培养基组分是易于控制和调节的环节。培养基组分除糖和无机盐外,还有凝固剂。前人在调整培养基矿质元素和碳源种类与浓度方面已有较多研究[1-3]。常用培养基凝固剂有琼脂、卡拉胶、结冷胶等[4],车前子胶作为一种常规凝固剂替代品已逐渐进入研发者视线,该凝固剂不仅成本低,而且其凝胶状态具有较低的渗透势,对培育壮苗有利,现已用于板蓝根[5]、姜黄[6]、烟草[7]、香蕉[8]等物种组培中[910],但在马铃薯组培中的应用尚未见报道。……

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