周海波 刘玉军 陈龙胜



摘要:为评价E -β-法尼烯(E-p - famesene,EβF)对黄山贡菊蚜虫及自然天敌的生态调控作用,本研究将EβF加入缓释剂中配成一定浓度的溶液,并将其释放到黄山贡菊田中,利用昆虫诱捕器并结合田间观察,调查蚜虫及其自然天敌种群数量的变化情况。结果表明,EpF能够有效降低黄山贡菊无翅蚜虫的种群数量(2015:P<0.01,2016:P<0.01),而对有翅蚜虫种群数量的影响并不显著;对瓢虫类(2015:P<0.05,2016:P<0.05)、食蚜蝇类(2015:P<0.01,2016:P<0.05)天敌有较好的吸引作用。该结果证实,E3F对黄山贡菊蚜虫及自然天敌具有良好的生态调控作用,可以作为黄山贡菊蚜虫综合治理的潜在措施,以降低化学农药的施用。
关键词:黄山贡菊;E -β-法尼烯(EpF);蚜虫;自然天敌
Ecological Regulation of E -β- Farnesene Released in Field onAphids on Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. cv* GongjuZhou Hai 01.2 , Liu Yujunl'2 , Chen Longsheng"2
Abstract In this paper, the ecological regulation of E - β - farnesene( EβF) to aphids and natual ene-mies in Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. cv. Gongju fields was assessed. The EβF solution addedinto paraffin oil was released in filed, and the dynamics population of aphids and natual enemies were surveyedby trapping and visual observation. The results showed that EβF significantly decreased the abundance ofapterous aphids (2015 :P<0.01 , 2016 : P<0.01 ) , but had no significant effect on alatae. It had strong at-traction to natural enemies of ladybugs (2015 : P<0.05 , 2016:P<0.05 ) and aphid - eating flies (2015 :P<0.01 ,2016:P <0.05). The results showed that EβF was expected to contribute to the further improve-ment of integrated pest management systems and reduce the amount of traditional synthetic pesticides appliedin Gongju fields.
Keywords Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel. cv. Gongju; E -β- farnesene ( EβF) ; A-phids; Natural enemies
黃山贡菊[ Dendranthema morifolium(Ra-mat.)Tzvel. cv. Gongju]富含多种有益物质及人体必需的微量元素[1],具有疏风散热、养肝明目、清凉解毒及消炎等功效,深受广大消费者的青睐[2],有“药食圣品”之称。但菊花生产后期易滋生大量蚜虫,导致菊花品质下降。长期、大量地施用化学农药,不仅导致害虫产生耐药性、次要害虫上升等恶性循环,而且造成大量农药残留在土壤和菊花茶品中,既污染环境,又危害人体健康。基于对环境保护和食品安全要求的不断提高,蚜虫的生态治理成为人们关注和研究的热点之一。
E-β-法尼烯(E-β- farnesene,EβF)在调控植物一蚜虫一天敌三级营养层的互作关系中起重要作用,是目前研究最多、应用前景最广泛的一类昆虫信号化学物质[3-7]。EβF作为一种最广泛的蚜虫种间信息素,不仅具有报警作用,引起释放点周围蚜虫迅速分散,还可以作为利它素吸引捕食性天敌和寄生性天敌[8,9]。在小麦[10,11]、大白菜[3]、马铃薯[12]等田间,EβF能够增加蚜虫的移动性,有效降低其种群密度,同时还可以显著吸引瓢虫[13]、草蛉[14]以及蚜茧蜂[15]等自然天敌,进一步提高蚜虫的综合防治效果。……