气相色谱质谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃

2019-08-06 13:35:53张朝辉高帅鹏王琴琴骆良孟
环境与发展 2019年6期

张朝辉 高帅鹏 王琴琴 骆良孟

摘要:本文研究加速溶剂萃取、固相萃取小柱净化、气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的分析方法,选择用丙酮/正己烷(1:1,v:v)作为提取溶液,提取液经旋蒸,置换溶剂后,经固相萃取小柱净化后,用二氯甲烷/正己烷(2:1,v:v)进行洗脱,洗脱液浓缩,加入内标后,定容至1.0mL,用气相色谱-质谱仪进行测定。结果表明,16种PAHs在10-1000 μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,平均相对响应因子RSD%<20%,16种PAHs的方法检出限为0.10-0.32μg/kg,完全符合土壤样品中PAHs分析的质量控制要求。该方法快速、准确、稳定,适用于土壤中16种PAHs的准确测定。

关键词:多环芳烃;气相色谱质谱法;加速溶剂萃取

中图分类号:X833 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-672X(2019)06-0-03

DOI:10.16647/j.cnki.cn15-1369/X.2019.06.074

Abstract: The analytical methods for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by accelerated solvent extraction, solid phase extraction cartridge purification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were studied. The acetone/n-hexane (1:1, v:v) was selected as the extraction solution. The extract is subjected to rotary distillation, and the solvent is replaced. After purification by a solid phase extraction cartridge, the mixture is eluted with dichloromethane/n-hexane (2:1, v:v), and the eluent is concentrated. After the internal standard is added, The volume was adjusted to 1.0 mL and measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 16 PAHs had good linearity in the concentration range of 10-1000 μg/L, and the average relative response factor RSD% < 20 %. The detection limit of 16 PAHs was 0.10-0.32 μg/kg, which was compliance with soil samples of quality control requirements for PAHs analysis. The method is fast, accurate and stable, and is suitable for accurate determination of 16 kinds of PAHs in soil.

Key words: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons;GC-MS;ASE

多環芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)是一类含有两个以上苯环所组成的碳氢化合物,是煤、石油、有机高分子化合物等有机物不完全燃烧时产生的[1-2],是重要的环境污染物[3]。研究表明,PAHs具有强烈致癌、致畸、致突变性和生殖毒性,受到国内外广泛的关注[4]。环境中的PAHs可以通过降雨、降尘等方式进入土壤,并对土壤的性质造成影响[5],危害人体健康。PAHs可以在环境中持久存在,且很难被降解,我国PAHs污染问题相当突出,2016年国务院印发的《土壤污染防治行动计划》(简称“土十条”)中指出土壤中PAHs监测将作为未来几年环境政治工作的重点[6]。

目前,土壤中PAHs的前处理方法有索氏提取法、微波萃取法、超声萃取法和加速溶剂萃取法等。索氏提取法由于提取时间较长,有机溶剂使用量大,且容易造成二次污染;微波法和超声法虽然节省了提取时间,但是回收效率不易控制;加速溶剂萃取是通过在高温高压条件下实现快速高效的提取,用少量溶剂可快速提取固体样品中的分析物质,与传统萃取方法相比,有机溶剂用量少,提取时间短,回收率高等特点,广泛应用于固体、半固体中萃取有机物的前处理技术。……

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