深圳市龙华区中学生焦虑性情绪障碍现况的调查

罗碧云

【摘要】 目的：了解深圳市龙华区中学生的焦虑性情绪障碍的现状及影响因素，为学校、家庭和社会采取干预措施以降低中学生焦虑性情绪障碍提供理论依据。方法：用分层随机整群抽样抽取深圳市龙华区中学生进行问卷调查。分别用字2检验、logistic回归模型进行单因素和多因素的分析。结果：调查的3 687名中学生中，存在焦虑性情绪障碍有963人，检出率为26.1%。多因素分析结果表明，性别，被父亲斥责、威胁、体罚，学校不安全，总是感到学习压力，对自己健康满意状况不满意，喝酒，有病理性网络使用行为，抑郁为中学生焦虑性情绪障碍的影响因素（OR=2.221、1.240、1.311、2.591、1.521、0.718、2.648、2.726）。结论：深圳市龙华区中学生焦虑检出率较高，学校、家庭及政府应当采取针对性干预措施，营造良好的学校、家庭环境，关注中学女生心理问题，促使中学生养成健康生活方式，以预防中学生的焦虑性情绪障碍，促进其健康成长。

【关键词】 中学生; 焦虑性情绪障碍

【Abstract】 Objective：To understand the level and influencing factors of anxiety disorders in middle school students in Shenzhen Longhua District，and provide theoretical basis for school，family and society to take intervention measures to reduce anxiety disorders in middle school students.Method：The students of Longhua District，Shenzhen were selected for questionnaire survey by stratified random cluster sampling.Single factor and multifactor analysis were analyzed by 字2 test and logistic.Result：Among the 3 687 middle school students surveyed，963 had anxiety disorder and the detection rate was 26.1%.Multivariate analysis by logistic showed that gender，father reprimanded，threatened，corporal punishment，school insecurity，and always felt learning pressure，there was not satisfied in health satisfaction，drinking，pathological internet use behavior，depression were the influencing factor of anxiety disorders in middle school students（OR=2.221，1.240，1.311，2.591，1.521，0.718，2.648，2.726）.Conclusion：The anxiety level of middle school students in Shenzhen Longhua District，is relatively high，schools，families and the government should adopt targeted interventions to create a good school and family environment，it is necessary to focus on the timely resolution of psychological problems among secondary school girls and improve their sense of healthy life style，promote middle school students to develop a healthy lifestyle to prevent and control anxiety disorders of middle school students and enable them to grow up healthily.

【Key words】 Middle school students; AnxietyFirst-authors address：Shenzhen Longhua District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital，Shenzhen 518109，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.17.020

焦慮性情绪障碍是以过分焦虑、担心、害怕等负性情绪为症状的情绪障碍，伴有情绪不稳定、注意力涣散、学习效率低、人格发展受影响，表现隐匿，且持续存在[1-2]。而中学生处于敏感时期，容易受外界影响而产生不良的心理问题，其中焦虑性情绪障碍就是突出问题之一。焦虑性情绪障碍如不正确引导，不但影响了学生们的生活质量和学习能力，还会导致与人交流障碍、拒绝上学、休学、退学，而且可能造成社会危害，给身心发育造成了极其严重的危害[3-5]。……