行为矫正训练对精神分裂症患者心理状态、不良行为及社会功能的影响

何芳 胡天兰

【摘要】 目的：探索行为矫正训练对精神分裂症患者的心理状态、不良行为及社会功能的影响。方法：选取2016年5月-2017年5月笔者所在医院收治的精神分裂症患者100例，随机分为对照组（50例）和研究组（50例），对照组给予常规康复治疗和护理，研究组在对照组基础上给予行为矫正训练，持续干预6个月。比较两组干预前后焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和护士用住院患者观察量表（NOSIE）评分。结果：干预前两组的SAS、SDS评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），干预后两组的SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前，且研究组明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;干预前两组NOSIE量表各因子评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），干预后两组的NOSIE量表各因子评分有明显改善，研究组在社会能力、社会兴趣、个人整洁方面评分高于对照组，在激惹、精神病表现、迟缓、抑郁方面评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：行为矫正训练对精神分裂症患者的心理状态、不良行为和社会功能有良好的改善作用。

【关键词】 行为矫正训练; 精神分裂症; 心理状态; 不良行为; 社会功能

doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.15.079 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2019）15-0-03

【Abstract】 Objective：To explore the effects of behavior modification training on the psychological states，bad behavior and social function of patients with schizophrenia.Method：From May 2016 to May 2017，100 cases with schizophrenia admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control group（50 cases） and the study group（50 cases）.The control group was given routine rehabilitation treatment and nursing，and the study group was given behavior modification training on the basis of the control group，and the two groups were continuously intervened for 6 months.The scores of self-rating anxiety scale（SAS），self-rating depression scale（SDS） and nurses observation scale for inpatient evaluation（NOSIE） were compared between the two groups before and after intervention.Result：There were no significant differences in the scores of SAS and SDS between the two groups before intervention（P>0.05），and the scores of SAS and SDS in the two groups were lower than those before intervention，and the scores in study group were significantly lower than those in control group（P<0.05）.There were no significant differences in the scores of factors of NOSIE scale between the two groups before intervention（P>0.05）.After intervention，the scores of factors of NOSIE scale in the two groups were significantly improved，and the scores of social ability，social interest and personal cleanliness in the study group were higher than those in the control group，and the scores of irritability，psychotic performance，retardation and depression were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Behavior modification training has good improving effects on the psychological states，bad behavior and social function of patients with schizophrenia.

【Key words】 Behavior modification training; Schizophrenia; Psychological states; Bad behavior; Social function

精神分裂症是一种多因素疾病，病因未明，临床表现为感知觉、思维、情感、行为等多方面的障碍及精神活动不协调[1]。患者由于长期住院，在封闭環境和看管护理模式下，容易对药物和医院产生依赖，造成患者思想意志缺乏和不同程度的社会功能缺损[2]。行为矫正训练是指通过针对性的训练，改善患者的不良行为和异常心理，提高社会能力[3]。本文旨在研究行为矫正训练对患者心理状态、不良行为及社会功能的影响，现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2016年5月-2017年5月在笔者所在医院诊治的精神分裂症患者100例。纳入……