海上风电电磁辐射对海洋生物影响的研究综述

2019-09-10 07:22:44蔡灵姜尚马丽郭洲华
海洋开发与管理 2019年12期

蔡灵 姜尚 马丽 郭洲华

摘要:海上风电工程是我国解决能源危机的新举措。为更好地推动我国海上风电建设与海洋生态环境保护的和谐发展,文章综述海上风电的电磁辐射对海洋生物的影响。已有的研究表明:海上风电对海洋生物的电磁辐射影响的主要来源是海底电缆,电磁辐射产生影响主要是因为某些海洋生物具有磁敏感性;磁场可能影响鱼类迁徙等海洋生物运动,且足够强度的磁场还会影响海洋生物的生殖和发育等生理过程;随着海上风电的快速发展,深远海海上风电的电磁辐射影响亟待更多的研究。

关键词:海上风电;电磁辐射;海底电缆;海洋生物;海洋工程

中图分类号:TM614;P75;P735文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-9857(2019)12-0071-05

Review of the Research on the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation from Offshore Wind Power on Marine Organisms

CAI Ling,JIANG Shang,MA Li,GUO Zhouhua

(Third Institution of Oceanography,MNR,Xiamen 361005,China)

Abstract:Offshore wind power project is a new measure to solve the energy crisis in China.In order to better promote the harmonious development of offshore wind power construction and marine ecological environment protection,the impact of electromagnetic radiation of offshore wind power on marine organisms was summarized in this paper.It was reported that the submarine cable was the main source of the electromagnetic radiation worked on the marine organisms.The influence of electromagnetic radiation from the submarine cable was summarized mainly due to the magnetic sensitivity of some marine organisms: the magnetic field may affect the movement of marine organisms,such as the migration of fish,etc.,and the magnetic field of sufficient strength may also affect the physiological processes of reproduction and development of marine organisms.With the rapid development of offshore wind power,more research should be made on the influence of electromagnetic radiation of deep sea offshore wind power.

Key words:Offshore wind power,Electromagnetic radiation,Submarine cable,Marine organism,Marine engineering

0引言

風力发电是可再生能源技术领域最成熟的发电方式之一,对解决能源危机和调整能源结构具有非常积极的意义。海上风电是近年来我国兴起的海洋工程类型。我国海上风能资源丰富,根据《中国风电发展路线图2050年》,我国水深5~50 m海域、100 m高度的海上风能资源开放量为5亿kW,总面积为394万km2。

与此同时,海上风电的施工和运营可能对海洋环境造成的影响也是公众关心的热点,其中包括海上风电场对海洋的水文动力环境、地形地貌环境、冲淤环境、鸟类生态环境、生物生态环境、声环境和电磁环境等的影响。目前我国对于海上风电电磁辐射影响的研究较少,本研究收集并整理多年来国内外海上风电电磁辐射对海洋生物影响的研究成果,以期为我国海上风电的发展提供技术支持,并为相关研究奠定基础。……

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