水稻褐飞虱移动行为规律初探

施龙清 林祁 刘端华 刘锋 占志雄

摘 要：【目的】研究褐飞虱的移动行为规律，为褐飞虱行为调控防治提供新思路和理论支持。【方法】以室内续代饲养的稻飞虱品系为研究对象，采用自制的移动计数装置，对长翅和短翅两个性别褐飞虱成虫的移动行为规律进行了观察研究。【结果】4个虫态成虫的移动时间分布、移动量和移动昼夜比例等均存在明显差异。雄性成虫的移动频率显著高于雌性，其中长翅雄性成虫的移动总量最高，平均为1 290次;短翅雌性成虫最低，为480.7次。雄性成虫夜间移动量高于白天，而雌性特别是短翅型雌性成虫夜间移动量仅占0.36。【结论】褐飞虱成虫的移动行为具有一定规律，雌、雄成虫移动行为差异明显。根据4类成虫的移动行为差异和特点，通过人为方法干扰或抑制其移动行为，可能会影响到褐飞虱的迁飞和求偶活动，从而降低种群数量达到防治的目的。

关键词：行为节律;翅型;雌雄差异;害虫行为调控

中图分类号：S 433.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-0384（2019）08-952-06

Abstract：【Objective】 Moving behavior of brown planthoppers， Nilaparvata lugens， one of the worst pests in rice fields， were studied. 【Method】 The moving behavior of adult macropterous as well as brachypterous male and female brown planthoppers were observed with a motion sensor and an automatic counter in an enclosed chamber. 【Result】 The 4 categories of brown planthoppers displayed significantly different patterns of motions. The males moved significantly more frequently than the females. The macropterous males were most active at 1290.0±11.93 times totally during the observation， while the brachypterous females at the minimum of 480.7±19.36.The males tended to move more frequently at night than during daytime; whereas， the females， under day light， particularly the brachypterous females which devoted only 36% of the activity at night. 【Conclusion】There appeared repeat patterns for the different categories of brown planthoppers in moving around that could be of value for the pest control.

Key words：behavioral pattern; wing type; sex difference;pest behavioral regulation

0 引言

【研究意義】褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens（Stl）是我国及亚洲多数国家水稻生产上的主要害虫之一。作为单食性害虫，褐飞虱若虫和成虫主要栖息在水稻茎基部刺吸汁液造成危害，雌虫交配后将卵产于韧皮部，形成大量伤口，破坏水稻疏导组织。褐飞虱危害严重时，稻株大面积枯萎倒伏，形成“虱烧”（hopperburn）[1-3]。20世纪80年代以来，该虫在我国年发生面积达到1 330万～2 000万hm2，造成稻谷损失10亿～15亿kg[2， 4]。对于褐飞虱的防治，化学药剂仍是主要方法。……