不同除草措施对辣椒地杂草防除效果

冉海燕 叶照春 陈仕红 兰献敏 何永福

摘要：为明确不同除草措施对辣椒地杂草防除效果，采用田间小区试验方法，研究单独施用除草剂、地膜覆盖、除草剂+地膜覆盖不同除草措施对辣椒地杂草防除效果。结果表明，单用除草剂960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油、330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油对辣椒地杂草30 d群体株防效分别为68.75%、65.07%，60 d杂草群体株防效、鲜重防效分别为76.50%、82.88%，82.99%、87.35%。白膜覆盖、黑膜覆盖、白膜覆盖+960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油、白膜覆盖+330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油、黑膜覆盖+960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油、黑膜覆盖+330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油对辣椒地杂草30 d群体株防效均达97.00%以上，60 d群体株防效均达96.00%以上，鲜重防效除白膜覆盖+960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油处理外，均达93.00%以上。综合试验结果表明，地膜覆盖、除草剂+地膜覆盖均能较好地防除辣椒地杂草，实际生产应用中为减少农药使用可直接覆盖地膜防除辣椒地杂草。

关键词：辣椒;除草剂;地膜覆膜;杂草;防效效果

中图分类号：S641.3;S451.2  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2019）01-0046-05

Abstract：The efficacy of different control measures：herbicidesused individually，mulch covering and the combination of herbicide with plastic film mulching was determined in pepper fields. Efficacy based on plant mortality of 960 g/L （S）-Metolachlor EC and 330 g/L Pendimethalin EC was 69% and 65% at 30 days after treatment （DAT） and 76% and 83% at 60 DAT，respectively. At 60 DAT control achieved with these herbicides was 83% and 87%，respectively，based on fresh weight determinations. The efficacy of other measures （combination of individual herbicides and white or plastic film） was above 97% at 30 d，and greater than 96% at 60 d. Based on the obtained results，both plastic film mulching and herbicide + film mulching affectively control weeds in pepper. To decrease the dependence on herbicides，theuse plastic film mulching is suggested for controlling weeds in pepper fileds.

Key words：pepper;herbicides;plastic film mulching;weeds;control efficacy

辣椒是贵州省重要的经济作物之一，种植面积达30万hm2以上。农田杂草发生严重，与农作物形成强烈的营养竞争[1-3]，同时杂草还是很多病虫害的中间寄主，能加重田间病害发生，何永福等开展了贵州省烟田杂草主要病毒检测及分析研究，采集的853份杂草样本中检测出179个杂草样本携带病毒[4]。

貴州省辣椒种植地主要集中在遵义、毕节地区。龙玲等对毕节地区辣椒地有害生物种类进行了调查统计，有害生物共计93种，其中草害54种，占比58%[5]。范高领等对贵州省主要辣椒种植区田间杂草种类发生情况进行调查统计，辣椒地田间杂草发生种类有25科86种，其中外来入侵杂草11科21种[6]。……