二级减速器齿轮传动性能分析和修形优化设计

季鑫盛　刘宁宁　杨超　王岩松　郭辉

摘要：为改善齿轮传动性能，分析某二级减速器齿轮的静强度、载荷分布和传递误差，发现其低速齿轮副的载荷分布偏载和传递误差相对较大。选取遗传算法V2，结合Romax Designer，对比分析几种齿廓修形与齿向修形的组合方式，其中最好的修形方式是将齿向鼓形修形和齿向斜度修形相结合。采取该方式对齿轮副进行优化，优化后低速齿轮副的传递误差比修形前减小92.41%，齿轮载荷分布得到改善，低速齿轮副的单位载荷降低，齿轮副的可靠性和使用寿命均提高。齿轮修形优化后的减速器传动更平稳，振动和噪声减小。

关键词：二级减速器; 齿形修形; 遗传算法; 齿向鼓形; 齿向斜度

中图分类号：U463.212;TP391.72

文献标志码：B

Performance analysis and modification optimization design

on driving motion of twostage reducer gear

JI Xinsheng LIU Ningning YANG Chao WANG Yansong GUO Hui

（School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science

Shanghai 201620 China）

Abstract：

To improve the transmission performance of gears the static strength load distribution and transmission error of a twostage reducer are analyzed. It is found that the load distribution imbalance and transmission error of the lowspeed gear pair are large. Several optimization method combinations of involute modification and lead modification are compared and analyzed using genetic algorithm V2 combing with Romax Designer. The results show that the best optimization method is the combination of lead crown modification and lead slope modification. The gear pair is optimized using this combination. The transmission error of the optimized lowspeed gear pair is reduced by 92.41%. The gear load distribution is improved. The unit load of the lowspeed gear pair is reduced. The reliability and service life of the gear pair are improved. The reducer is more stable after the gear modification optimization which can reduce vibration and noise.

Key words：

twostage reducer; gear profile modification; genetic algorithm; lead crown; lead slope

0 引 言

在當前机械领域中，齿轮传动是使用最多、应用最广泛的传动机构之一。齿轮传动具有传递精确、平稳性好、结构紧凑、传动效率高、瞬时传动比恒定、传动比大，以及使用寿命长等优点。[12]由于齿轮副实际生产加工和装配存在一定误差，齿轮啮合受力产生变形，使得齿轮的性能和使用寿命降低。[35]齿轮修形可以提高齿轮啮合性，减少啮合冲击，有效改善载荷分布，提高齿轮的使用寿命和承载极限，降低工作噪声。[6]齿轮修形优化过程非常复杂，需要经验丰富的设计者进行大量计算。

有限元法是比较流行的修形方法之一，很多学者和工程人员基于有限元法研究齿轮修形工作。刘辉等[7]提出最佳齿面三维修形计算……