雷达伺服系统的高跟踪精度改进型自抗扰控制器

2019-10-21 09:31:11姜仁华刘闯宁银行谢洋
电机与控制学报 2019年5期

姜仁华 刘闯 宁银行 谢洋

Abstract:In order to solve the problem that tracking accuracy of radar servo system is affected by the disturbance quantity of airborne platform and the acceleration of object, the improved auto-disturbance-rejection control (I-ADRC) method, with high tracking precision, is proposed. Considering more disturbance factors of airborne radar platform, such as the mechanical vibration, airflow, environment temperature, and attitude change of airborne, the model compensation method was introduced in the I-ADRC to reduce the load for extended state observer (ESO), which overcomes the observation accuracy decrease for the ESO caused by the large disturbance in traditional ADRC. Moreover, in the I-ADRC, the feed-forward compensation of acceleration was also adopted to eliminate the model error of servo system resulted from the acceleration of maneuvering target. Compared with traditional PI control, the airborne radar servo system with the proposed I-ADRC show its more high accuracy and more strong anti-interference, and the system can quickly track the target in the state of acceleration.

Keywords:airborne radar servo system; platform disturbance; acceleration; auto-disturbance-rejection control; model compensation; feed-forward compensation

0 引 言

位置伺服系統是机载雷达的重要组成部分,其控制性能的好坏直接影响雷达的目标探测实时性和稳定性等性能。在雷达进行目标跟踪时,伺服机构易受到载机姿态、振动、气流等外部干扰及目标位置随动的影响,因此雷达位置伺服系统应具有高静态稳定性、动态响应能力,以及较强的抗扰动能力[1-2]。传统雷达位置伺服系统的控制仍以PID控制为主,PID控制虽然结构简单,但针对机动目标位置跟踪时,存在跟踪滞后,同时易受外部扰动的影响。随着现代战争目标机动能力的提升,传统PID控制难以满足高性能跟踪要求[3]。近年来,随着微处理器和现代控制理论的发展,非线性PID控制[4-6]、滑模变结构控制[7]和时间最优控制[8-9]等多种先进控制策略应用于位置伺服系统中,但由于控制结构复杂或系统功率受限等问题,限制了在雷达伺服系统中的应用。

韩京清研究员在分析了PID控制技术的基础上,提出了一种自抗扰控制(active disturbance rejection control, ADRC)新型非线性控制方法,该控制方法具有良好的动/静态特性,利用扩张状态观测器对内外部负载扰动进行提前观测和补偿,具有良好的鲁棒性[10-13]。自抗扰控制技术已经广泛应用于位置伺服系统各种控制领域[14-17],并达到了很好的抗扰动性能。但是,在机载雷达伺服系统中进行目标航迹跟踪时,伺服系统受载机平台扰动及目标加速度等因素影响,扩张状态观测器观测的扰动量变化幅度大,观测器负担重,难以保证扰动量获得很高的估计精度,且跟踪雷达的主瓣波束一般较窄,导致动态滞后过大而使目标超出雷达的主瓣波束宽度,造成目标丢失[18]。……

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