孝感市2018年10月23日大雾天气的成因分析

2019-10-21 08:00:53吴君涛张慧娟
农业灾害研究 2019年5期

吴君涛 张慧娟

摘要 利用常规气象观测资料,针对2018年10月23日发生在孝感市的一次大雾天气成因进行分析。结果表明,此次大雾过程是在非常有利的环流形势背景下形成的。高空受平直气流或反环流控制,有利于晴好天气维持,是辐射雾形成的有利条件。地面处均压区控制,是辐射雾维持的重要因子。从云图上和地面风场上看,天空云量逐渐减少直至无云,夜间弱的偏北风,由此产生的辐射降温使得近地面层大量水汽凝结形成小水滴,对辐射雾的形成有促进加强作用。从温度层结上看,稳定的温度层结,特别是逆温层存在,有利于近地面层大量水滴因辐射冷却作用聚积于逆温层下,是辐射雾产生的另一重要条件。

关键词 孝感市;大雾;天气形势

中图分类号:P458 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-3305(2019)05-045-02

DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2019.05.019

Cause Analysis of Heavy Fog on October 23,2018 in Xiaogan City

WU Jun-tao  et al(Xiaogan Meteorological Bureau,Xiaogan,Hubei 432000)

Abstract Based on conventional meteorological observation data,the causes of a heavy fog in Xiaogan City on October 23,2018 were analyzed. The results showed that the fog process was formed under the very favorable circulation situation. High altitude was controlled by straight air flow or counter circulation,which was favorable for maintaining fine weather and forming radiation fog. The ground was controlled in the pressure equalizing zone,which was an important factor for the maintenance of radiation fog. The amount of cloud in the sky decreased gradually until cloudless,and the weak northerly wind at night produced radiation cooling. The resulting radiation cooling made a large amount of water vapor condensate near the surface to form small droplets,which could promote and strengthen the formation of radiation fog. Stable temperature stratification,especially the existence of inversion layer,was conducive to the accumulation of a large number of water droplets in the near surface layer under the inversion layer due to radiation cooling,which was another important condition for the generation of radiation fog.

Key words   Xiaogan City;Heavy fog;Weather situation

2018年10月23日03:00起孝感中部云夢、孝南等地开始出现能见度小于1 000 m的大雾。随着时间的推移大雾范围向北至安陆,南至汉川发展,于07:00达到最强,此时云梦、安陆的能见度已低至100 m以下,同时大悟、孝昌也出现了能见度较低的轻雾。07:00以后大雾逐渐变薄,各地能见度慢慢恢复,09:00安陆、云梦、应城仍有大雾持续,其他各地均已转为轻雾,11:00所有站均从大雾转为轻雾(大悟、孝昌无轻雾),至此大雾天气过程结束。笔者着重针对此次大雾天气成因进行分析,以期为大雾天气预警预报提供一定的借鉴与参考。

1 前期天气

10月22日孝感以阴雨天气为主,地面湿度较大。22日20:00以后相对湿度持续增加,于22日23:00达到100%并维持至23日09:00。……

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