方华 任良顺 兰龙



摘 要:为降低对进口石油的依赖,国家制定了GB 27999-2014和GB 19578-2014法规:要求2020年我国乘用车企业CAFC(企业平均燃料消耗量)降至5.0L/100km。因前置后驱车比前驱车传动链长,油耗压力高,故后驱车需加快使用低摩擦力矩轴承等措施提高传动系统效率、降低整车油耗。文章从传动系统关键部件(后桥总成)内阻研究着手,探索出轴承摩擦力矩是主要内阻之一,并分析出轴承摩擦力矩产生机理及其对应的降摩擦力矩措施,最后通过效率台架和整车油耗测试结果表明:低摩擦力矩轴承具有工程应用价值。
关键词:后桥;内阻;轴承;低摩擦力矩
中图分类号:TH133.31+4 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-7988(2019)12-54-03
Abstract: In order to reduce the dependence on imported crude oil, China has formulated the GB 27999-2014 and GB 19578-2014 regulation, which requires that the CAFC(average fuel consumption of enterprises) of China's passenger car enterprises be reduced to 5.0l /100km by 2020. Because the driving chain of the FR car is longer than that of the FF car, the FF car fuel consumption pressure is high, which promotes the rear drive car to accelerate the use of low friction torque bearing and other measures to improve the driveline efficiency and reduce the fuel consumption of the vehicle. In this paper, studying the driveline key parts (rear axle assembly) internal resistance, finding bearing friction torque is one of the main internal resistance, and analyzing the bearing mechanism of the friction torque and the corresponding friction torque reduction measures, through the efficiency test bench and vehicle fuel consumption test results show that the low friction torque bearings with engineering application value.
Keywords: rear axle; internal resistance; bearing; low-friction torque
前言
为降低对进口石油的依赖度,我国大力支持新能源汽车产业,同时鼓励传统燃油汽车应用节能技术:涡轮增压、缸内直喷、制动能量回收、减少传动系统摩擦阻力、低滚阻轮胎、减少风阻系数等。本文从研究传动系统后桥内阻着手,论述内阻产生机理及降低阻力对整车油耗影响。
1 后桥内阻分布
1.1 后桥结构
半浮式后桥总体结构分为主减总成、半轴总成和桥壳总成三部分(如图1所示),其中主减主要功能是对扭矩进行90°换向并降速增扭,属传动驱动部件;半轴总成除承受整车轴荷外,还传递动力驱动车轮,属于驱动承载综合部件;桥壳主要用于承载,并为驱动部件提供支撑和反作用力矩,属承载部件。
1.2 阻力分布
后桥阻力主要来源于其旋转件(半轴总成和主减总成),半轴总成的内阻主要集中在轮毂轴承,其内部润滑脂的黏度显著影响着轮毂轴承的摩擦力矩及其使用性能,进而影响整车性能和油耗[1]。……