标准去大骨瓣减压在合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀的急性硬膜外血肿救治中的作用

2019-10-21 09:28:55范顺志龙连圣王伟胡夷辛志成李夏良蒋超超吴钟华
昆明医科大学报 2019年3期

范顺志 龙连圣 王伟 胡夷 辛志成 李夏良 蒋超超 吴钟华

摘要:目的  探讨标准去大骨瓣减压在合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀的额颞顶部急性硬膜外血肿患者救治中的作用。方法 采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2013年6月~2016年6月72例入院时瞳孔正常或单侧瞳孔散大的合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀的额颞顶部急性硬膜外血肿并行开颅手术治疗患者的临床资料。纳入分析的因素包括年龄、入院时GCS评分、硬膜外血肿量、是否合并脑挫裂伤、脑中线结构移位程度、环池状态、脑干是否受压变形、是否行标准去大骨瓣减压,并以患者伤后6个月的格拉斯哥预后评分对预后进行评价。行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析确定影响预后的独立危险因素。 结果  单因素分析结果表明,年龄(P<0.05)、入院时GCS评分(<9分, P<0.01)、血肿量(>30 ml,P<0.01)、环池状态(P<0.05)、是否行标准去大骨瓣减压(P<0.05)为影响预后的相关因素。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,入院时GCS评分(<9分, P<0.01)和是否行标准去骨瓣减压(P<0.01)为影响预后的独立危险因素。  结论  对合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀的急性硬膜外血肿患者在行开颅清除血肿的同时应标准去大骨瓣减压,可降低死残率。

关键词:硬膜外血肿;创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀;去骨瓣减压

【中图分类号】R816.8    【文献标识码】A    【文章编号】2107-2306(2019)03-026-04

[Abstract]  Objective  To explore the effect of standard large decompressive craniectomy in acute frontotemporal and parietal epidural hematoma combined with traumatic diffuse brain swelling. Methods: Clinical data of 72 patients with acute frontotemporal and parietal epidural hematoma combined with traumatic diffuse brain swelling and normal pupils or unilateral mydriasis on admission performed with craniotomy from Jun. 2013 to Jun. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Factors included age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, epidural hematoma volume, brain contusion or not , midline shift, cisterna ambiens, brain stem compression or not, standard large decompressive craniectomy or not,were analyzed. Glasgow Outcome Score of patients after 6 months was empolyed for prognostic evaluation.The independent risk factors affecting the prognosis were determined by single factor and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.  Results  Single factor analysis results show that the age (P< 0.05), GCS score on admission (< 9 points, P < 0.01), epidural hematoma volume (> 30ml, P < 0.01), cisterna ambiens (P < 0.05), standard large decompressive craniectomy or not (P < 0.05) as the related factors with prognosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score (< 9 points, P< 0.01) and standard large decompressive craniectomy or not (P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for prognosis.  Conclusion  Hematoma evacuation combined with standard large decompressive craniectomy can reduce the death rate of patients with acute epidural hematoma and traumatic diffuse brain swelling.

[Key words] epidural hematoma; post-traumatic diffuse brain swelling; decompressive craniotomy

創伤性急性硬膜外血肿是颅脑创伤的常见类型,救治相对简单,预后相对较好。合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀的急性硬膜外血肿由于病理生理机制复杂,救治相对困难,预后相对较差。经文献检索,未见相关报道。我科自2013年6月~2016年6月共收治急性硬膜外血肿患者304例,其中入院时瞳孔正常或单侧瞳孔散大的合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀并行手术治疗额颞顶部急性硬膜外血肿患者72例。现报道如下。

临床资料

1 一般资料

病例入选标准:(1)额颞顶部急性硬膜外血肿;(2)合并创伤性弥漫性脑肿胀,符合弥漫性脑肿胀Marshall CT诊断标准;(3)入院时瞳孔反应正常或单侧瞳孔散大;(4)年龄18~69岁;(5)所有患者均行开颅硬膜外血肿清除;(6)随访资料完整。……

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