纳米氧化锌抗菌纸的制备及其抗菌性能的研究

冯启明 石黎花 吴明 马海茼 王双飞 王志伟

摘要： 采用浸渍法使Zn²⁺进入纸基纤维内，然后通过一步水热法合成出负载有不同形貌的纳米氧化锌（ZnO）抗菌纸，在保证抗菌性能的同时实现其固定化，避免二次污染。探究了不同制备工艺条件对纳米ZnO抗菌纸的形貌、抗菌性能和物理性能的影响，并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对产物的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明，抗菌纸上负载的ZnO纳米颗粒均为结晶良好的六方纤锌矿结构，不同制备条件生成的纳米颗粒结构差异巨大，有棒状、针状、米粒状等;以抑菌率为主要指标，通过正交实验得出的最佳制备工艺为：浸渍温度70℃、浸渍时间2 min、ZnCl₂溶液质量分数45%、NaOH溶液pH值12;在此条件下制备的纳米ZnO抗菌纸对大肠杆菌的抑菌率达到76.9%。

关键词：纳米ZnO;抗菌纸;制备;抗菌性能

中图分类号：TS761    文献标识码：A    DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2019.03.007

Abstract： In this paper， zinc ions （Zn²⁺） was introduced onto the fiber of the paper base by impregnation method， and subsequently one-step hydrothermal method was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles with different morphological features and the antibacterial paper was prepared. ZnO nanoparticles was immobilized on the paper fibers with a beneficial prevention of nanoparticles aggregation. ZnO nanoparticles with various structure were formed under different experimental conditions， including rod-like， needle-like and rice grainy. The structure and morphology of the antibacterial paper were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the ZnO nanoparticles loaded on the antibacterial paper were all well - crystallized hexagonal wurtzite structure. Through orthogonal experiments， the optimal preparation process of antibacterial paper was as follows： impregnation temperature was 70℃， impregnation time was 2 min， zinc chloride （ZnCl₂） solution concentration was 45%， pH value of sodium hydroxide solution was 12. The prepared antibacterial paper exhibited excellent antibacterial performance againstE. coliwith an inhibition rate of 76.9%.

Key words： nano zinc oxide; antibacterial paper; preparation; antibacterial properties

目前，纳米氧化锌（ZnO）可以作为抗菌材料已经得到广泛的认可^[1]。研究发现ZnO对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌都具有极强的抗菌能力^[2]，纳米ZnO应用于抗菌材料具有较大优势。但纳米ZnO颗粒细小，随着其广泛生产和使用，纳米颗粒会进入到环境中，可能会对环境和人体健康造成一些潜在问题^[3]，并且不利于回收利用。如何实现对纳米ZnO颗粒的固定化也成为了研究的方向。纳米ZnO的基本性质主要取决于尺寸、形状、成分、结晶度和形态^[4]。因此，其制备条件和制备方法尤为重要，制备出来的材料不仅要在纳米粒度范围內，同时还需要考虑其形貌、表面形态、成分、纯度、工艺稳定性、可重复性以及对环境的影响等^[5-6]。……