红外热像仪在发动机静止构件表面温度测量中的应用

2019-10-21 08:16:45黄梦薇周峰詹禄禄
现代信息科技 2019年11期

黄梦薇 周峰 詹禄禄

摘  要:通常情况下,接触法测温能比较准确地得到测量值,但无法直接接触被测表面,或在被测表面安装接触式传感器会严重破坏温度场的情况下,需要利用非接触法测温。本文简要介绍了最常用的非接触测温设备红外热像仪的成像原理和结构组成,阐述了红外热像仪在航空发动机静止构件表面温度测量中的应用。为了验证红外热像仪的测量准确性,对发动机排气管采用热电偶测温、示温漆测温、红外热像仪测温三种方法进行了表面温度测量,并分析了影响红外测温准确度的因素和改进措施。

关键词:红外热像仪;温度测量;航空发动机

Abstract:Contact temperature measurement can guarantee precise measurement results in most cases,but noncontact temperature measurement has to be adopted under circumstances where direct contact with the surface is not feasible,or sensors installed on the surface will greatly damage the temperature field,need to use non-contact method to measure temperature. This paper briefly introduces the imaging principle and structure of infrared thermal imager,which is the most commonly used non-contact temperature measurement equipment,and expounds the application of infrared thermal imager in surface temperature measurement of aeroengine stationary components. In order to verify the measurement accuracy of infrared thermal imager,the surface temperature of engine exhaust pipe is measured by three methods:thermocouple temperature measurement,temperature paint temperature measurement and infrared thermal imager temperature measurement. The factors affecting the accuracy of infrared temperature measurement and the improvement measures are analyzed.

Keywords:infrared camera;temperature measurement;aero engine

0  引  言

在發动机静止构件表面温度测量中,根据测温方法的不同,分为接触式测温和非接触式测温。接触式测温基于热平衡原理,主要包括热电偶、热电阻、示温漆和晶体测温法等。热电偶、热电阻测温法技术成熟,测量精度高,主要针对单点测量;示温漆可以进行大面积的测量,但其测量精度不高,且只能记录零件表面经历的最高温度。非接触测温一般为基于热辐射定律的光学测温法,最常用的设备是红外热像仪,它不破坏被测温场和发动机表面,准确度高、响应快、测量范围广,尤其适于测高温,在航空发动机温度测量中有良好的应用前景。

1  红外测温的技术基础

1.1  普朗克(planck)定律

一切温度高于绝对零度的物体都在以电磁波的形式不停地向周围空间辐射能量。其辐射能包括各种波长,其中波长范围在0.76~1000μm之间的称为红外光波。……

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