外商直接投资、进出口贸易与我国省际能源效率

王领 陈芮娴

摘 要：基于2005—2016年我国30个省及直辖市的面板数据，采用GMM，Ward面板聚类的方法，实证分析了外商直接投资、进出口贸易对我国能源效率的影响。实证结果表明，总体上外商直接投资的增加有助于提升我国能源效率，进出口贸易也能显著提升能源效率。研发投入的增加、人均GDP的上升都能够提高能源效率;但同时，以第二产业增加值占比衡量的产业结构对能源效率则存在显著负向影响，城市化的发展同样也会降低能源效率。聚类后发现，在高能源消费区，增加出口更能显著提升能源效率;在次高能源消费区，吸引外商直接投资以及减少出口能够显著提升能源效率;在中低能源消费区，增加外资和减少进口能够显著提升能源效率;在低能源消费区，减少出口能够显著提升该区域能源效率。

关键词：外商直接投资;进出口贸易;能源效率

中图分类号：F 74059-06

Abstract：Based on the panel data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2016，the paper used GMM and Ward panel clustering methods to empirically analyze the impact of foreign direct investment and import and export trade on Chinas energy efficiency.The empirical results show that generally，the increase in foreign direct investment will help improve Chinas energy efficiency，and import and export trade can also significantly improve energy efficiency.Rising investment in R&D and rising per capita GDP can all increase energy efficiency.However，at the same time，the industrial structure measured by the ratio of the added value of the secondary industry has a significant negative impact on energy efficiency.The development of urbanization will also reduce energy efficiency.After clustering，it is found that increasing exports in high-energy-consuming areas can significantly increase energy efficiency.In the second-highest energy-consuming areas，attracting foreign direct investment and reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency;in low and medium-energy energy consumption areas，increase foreign investment and reducing imports can significantly increase energy efficiency;in low-energy consumption areas，reducing exports can significantly increase energy efficiency in the region.

Key words：foreign direct investment;import and export trade;energy efficiency

0 引 言近10年来，化石燃料不断枯竭，世界性的能源依赖却不断加重，能源消费与能源效率成为了近年来关注的热点问题。2016年G20各成员国提出《G20能效引领计划》，确定在尊重本国政策和优先目标的前提下，提高能效投资力度、

改善政策环境、加强提高能效方面的合作。随着经济的飞速发展，我国成为全球第二大经济体，但同时也是世界上最大污染源之一。我国政府对能效问题非常重视，在2017年政府工作报告中提出要重视，提高能源效率，大力开发替代性能源。同时，随着全球化的不断深入，国际间的投资合作不断加强。……