褚橙龙陵基地柑橘叶片DRIS图解法和指数法综合营养诊断分析

周龙 汤利 陈俊 曾志伟 杨德荣

摘要：【目的】开展基于综合营养诊断施肥法（Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrate System，DRIS）的冰糖橙种植基地柑橘营养诊断，为柑橘园的营养诊断和平衡施肥提供参考依据。【方法】以云南褚橙龙陵基地500 ha冰糖橙為研究对象（柑橘园随机划分为8个区域），通过测定成熟秋梢叶片中氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）和铁（Fe）矿质营养的含量，运用DRIS图解法求得冰糖橙叶片各营养元素诊断参数最适比范围，依据DRIS指数法求得各区域冰糖橙需肥紧迫程度排序及养分不平衡指数（NII），初步制定冰糖橙树体营养元素DRIS指数分级标准。【结果】整个园区高产园（>22500 kg/ha）的各营养元素含量大多高于低产园（≤22500 kg/ha），高产园和低产园间N、Fe、N/Fe、P/Fe、Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Zn差异显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）。当N/P在2.27～2.57，N/K在1.58～1.91，P/K在0.66～0.79时冰糖橙叶片N、P和K养分含量平衡;当Ca/Mg、Ca/Fe、Mg/Fe、Cu/Zn、Cu/Fe和Zn/Fe分别在17.01～19.09、0.21～0.26、0.012～0.015、2.77～4.60、0.30～0.43和0.09～0.12时，冰糖橙叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和Cu养分处于平衡状态。综合诊断显示冰糖橙叶片养分需求顺序为Mg>N>K>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Fe，不同区域冰糖橙养分需求顺序不同，高产园冰糖橙相对缺乏的养分有N、P，低产园相对缺乏的养分有N、Mg，相比之下，低产园营养比例失衡情况较严重。依据高产园叶片矿质营养元素含量范围确定冰糖橙叶片矿质营养元素的适宜值为N（11.66～13.30 g/kg）、P（4.74～5.61 g/kg）、K（6.23～8.23 g/kg）、Ca（13.67～19.33 g/kg）、Mg（0.86～0.97 g/kg）、Cu（14.49～37.71 mg/kg）、Zn（6.38～8.02 mg/kg）和Fe（55.91～85.74 mg/kg）。【结论】根据DRIS诊断，褚橙龙陵基地冰糖橙园普遍存在N、P、K、Ca、Mg缺乏，Cu、Zn、Fe相对过剩问题。DRIS图解法和指标法综合诊断既可求得各元素最适比范围和需肥紧迫程度，同时，参照冰糖橙叶片养分含量分级标准能判断树体营养元素的平衡状况，可用于生产上指导下一年合理施肥。

关键词： 综合营养诊断;DRIS;冰糖橙;成熟期;矿质营养

中图分类号： S666.4                          文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2020）10-2498-09

Comprehensive nutritional diagnosis and analysis of Bingtang orange leaf based on DRIS graphic method and index method in Chucheng orange Longling base

ZHOU Long1， 2， TANG Li2， CHEN Jun3， ZENG Zhi-wei1*， YANG De-rong1，4

（1Yunnan Yuntianhua Co.， Ltd.， Kunming  650228， China; 2College of Plant Conservation， Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming  650201， China; 3College of Agronomy and Biotechnology， Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming  650201， China; 4Yunnan Chemical Research Institute， Kunming  650228， China）

Abstract：【Objective】The nutrient comprehensive diagnosis of Citrus reticulate Blanco in Bingtang orange planting base was carried out by diagnosis and recommendation integrated system（DRIS）to provide a reference for nutrient diagnosis and balanced fertilization of citrus. 【Method】Taking 500 ha of Bingtang orange in Chucheng Orange Longling base in Yunnan as the research object（the orchard was randomly divided into eight regions）， the research obtained the optimum ratio range of diagnostic parameters of various nutrient elements in Bingtang orange leaves by determining the contents of nitrogen（N）， phosphorus（P）， potassium（K）， calcium（Ca）， magnesium（Mg）， copper（Cu）， zinc（Zn） and iron（Fe） in leaves of mature autumn shoots and using the DRIS graphic method. And depending on the DRIS index method， the order of the urgency of Bingtang orange fertilizer demand and the nutrient imbalance index（NII） in each region were obtained. Therefore， the DRIS index classification standard of nutrient elements in citrus trees was preliminarily established. 【Result】The results showed that the content of nutrient elements in the high yielding garden（>22500 kg/ha） were higher than those in the low yielding garden（≤22500 kg/ha）， there were significant differences（P<0.05） or extremely significant differences（P<0.01） in N， Fe， N/Fe， P/Fe， Ca/Mg， Ca/Fe， Mg/Zn between high-yield orchards and low-yield orchards. When the ratio of N/P ranged from 2.27 to 2.57， N/K ranged from 1.58 to 1.91， and the P/K ranged from 0.66 to 0.79， the nutrients of N， P and K were in equilibrium in Bingtang orange leaves. When the ratios of Ca/Mg， Ca/Fe， Mg/Fe， Cu/Zn， Cu/Fe and Zn/Fe were 17.01-19.09， 0.21-0.26， 0.012-0.015， 2.77-4.60， 0.30-0.43 and 0.09-0.12， Ca， Mg， Fe， Zn and Cu nutrients were in equilibrium in Bingtang orange leaves， respectively. Comprehensive diagnosis showed that the order of nutrient requirements for Bingtang orange leaves was Mg>N>K>P>Ca>Cu>Zn>Fe. The order of nutrient requirements for Bingtang orange in different regions was different， in which the nutrient requirements for high-yield orchards were N and P， while the nutrient requirements for low yield orchards were N and Mg. The average nutrient imbalance index （NII） showed that the nutrient proportion of citrus in low yield orchards was seriously unbalanced. According to the content range of mineral nutrient elements in leaves of high yield orchard， the suitable values of mineral nutrient elements in Bingtang orange leaves were determined as follows：N（11.66-13.30 g/kg）， P（4.74-5.61 g/kg）， K（6.23-8.23 g/kg）， Ca（13.67-19.33 g/kg）， Mg（0.86-0.97 g/kg）， Cu（14.49-37.71 mg/kg）， Zn（6.38-8.02 mg/kg） and Fe（55.91-85.74 mg/kg）.【Conclusion】According to DRIS， the Bingtang orange orchards in Longling base generally lack N， P， K， Ca and Mg， but Cu， Zn and Fe are relatively surplus. The comprehensive diagnosis of DRIS graphic method and index method can obtain the optimal ratio range of each element and the urgency degree of fertilizer demand. Furthermore， the classification standard of leaf nutrient content can intuitively judge the balance of each nutrient element in citrus tree body， which is significant to guide reasonable fertilization in actual production in the next year.

Key words： comprehensive nutritional diagnosis; DRIS; Bingtang orange; mature period; mineral nutrition

Foundation item： National Key Research and Development Program of China（2017YFD0200207）

0 引言

【研究意義】我国是柑橘种植和生产大国。柑橘因具有特殊的风味和较丰富的营养价值，深受广大消费者喜爱（赵晓春，2017）。当前，受气候条件和病害等因素……