杨旭



摘 要:SLAM(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)测绘技术作为近年来新兴技术,正受到越来越多的研究者青睐,文章针对激光雷达回波信号强度弱、数据量大、实时性要求高等特点,设计了以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为控制核心的高速数据采集系统,利用该系统结合全新的路径导航算法设计出自主导航小车,可在复杂环境下自主巡航并绘制地图,测试结果表明,小车在不同光照度条件下,可实现较好的导航和测绘效果。
关键词:激光雷达;视觉导航;现场可编程门阵列
中图分类号:P412.25 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)08-0015-03
Abstract: SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) surveying and mapping technology, as a new technology in recent years, is favored by more and more researchers. Aiming at the characteristics of weak signal strength, large amount of data and high real-time requirements of LiDAR echo, a high-speed data acquisition system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is designed, and an autonomous navigation car is designed using this system combined with a new path navigation algorithm. It can cruise and map independently in complex environment. The test results show that the car can achieve better navigation and mapping effect under different illuminance conditions.
Keywords: LiDAR; visual navigation; field programmable gate array
引言
激光雷达技术是伴随激光器和雷达技术的发展而产生的一种新型主动式的光学遥感技术,具有数据信息量大、测量范围广、时空分辨率高、在复杂环境下抗干扰能力强等特点,广泛应用在航空航天、大气监测、无人驾驶、地图测绘等領域。
在常见的激光雷达数据采集系统中,大多是利用国外生产的通用数据采集芯片来实现[4-6],一方面由于芯片封装完整,底层数据不对用户开放接口,无法根据实际情况改变数据采集方式,无法升级采集芯片;另一方面此类数据采集卡价格极其昂贵,售后维护不方便。面对国内日益增长的需求,我们采用由上海思岚科技有限公司生产的A2激光雷达作为测绘工具,为进一步保证激光雷达数据采集的实时性和准确性,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)作为主控芯片,传统单片机(DSP、ARM)普遍时钟频率较低、仅可在软件方面对单片机进行编程,无法……