刘迪一 陈培



摘 要:通过理论建模设计出致动器结构,再借助CAD制图软件以及3D打印设备设计并成型出它对应的模具,最后通过浇铸成型的方式制备出该负压驱动软体人工肌肉。该致动器由硅橡胶材料组成,外部呈长方体形,内部规则排列着彼此连通的长方体形的空腔以及长方体形的横向弹性梁和纵向弹性梁。在特定负压驱动下,致动器的弹性体结构会发生可逆、协同的屈曲,从而使整体在长度方向上产生直线型收缩致动,具备模仿肌肉收缩的功能。
关键词:软体;致动器;人工肌肉;负压驱动;屈曲
中图分类号:TP39 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2020)08-0073-03
Abstract: The structure of the actuator is designed by theoretical modeling, and then the corresponding mold is designed and molded with the help of CAD drawing software and 3D printing equipment. Finally, the artificial muscle of the negative pressure driving software is prepared by casting. The actuator is composed of silicone rubber material, the outside is in a rectangular shape, and the inside is regularly arranged with rectangular cavities connected with each other, as well as rectangular transverse elastic beams and longitudinal elastic beams. Driven by a specific negative pressure, the elastic structure of the actuator will undergo reversible and cooperative buckling, resulting in a linear contraction in the length direction of the whole, so the actuator has the function of imitating muscle contraction.
Keywords: software; actuator; artificial muscle; negative pressure drive; buckling
氣动软体致动器具备可以接触脆弱易碎和不规则形状的物体(例如水果、动物组织或衣物)的能力[1-3],因为它们与物体表面的接触面积非常大,接触力分布在极大的接触面上就会使平均应力变得很小[4],而且致动器本身是由柔软、顺应性很强的弹性体材料(如硅橡胶)制成[5]。另一方面,由于它们的工作模式是通过气体驱动致动器形变来实现,这种简易便捷的控制方式相比冗杂的传统刚性机器人系统(由金属、陶瓷或结构聚合物等材料制成的机器人)的控制方式,更有利于在机器人在很多特殊场景中的应用[6]。
人工肌肉致动器的历史比较悠久。在此类致动器中,1950年代开发出的McKibben致动器最为典型和普及。McKibben致动器的核心组件为弹性体球囊和包裹着球囊的非弹性网。弹性体球囊在正压驱动下体积发生膨胀,但因为受到非弹性网的限制,它的膨胀是各向异性的,径向膨胀,轴向收缩,从而模仿肌肉的直线型收缩运动[7]。……