香蕉枯萎病区感病与健康植株根系附近土壤养分及土壤酶活性差异性研究

杨绍琼 张光勇 孙寅虎 高梅 李春 陈伟强

摘要  采集云南省河口县4个地区香蕉枯萎病发病蕉园的健康和感病植株根系附近土壤共24份，采用常规方法测定土壤养分和土壤酶活性，研究同一发病蕉园中健康与感病植株根系附近土壤养分与酶活性的变化规律，旨在为防治香蕉枯萎病从农艺措施角度提供理论依据。结果表明，同一发病蕉园中健康植株根系附近土壤pH高于感病植株，二者之间的差值为0.17～1.77;感病植株根系附近土壤碱解氮含量高于健康植株，二者之间的差值为20.25～99.91 mg/kg;感病植株根系附近土壤有效磷含量高于健康植株，二者之间的差值为1.16～253.87 mg/kg;感病植株根系附近土壤速效钾含量高于健康植株土壤，二者之间的差值为92.71～299.03 mg/kg。感病植株根系附近土壤蔗糖酶活性高于健康植株，是健康植株的1.17倍以上。

关键词  香蕉枯萎病;感病植株;健康植株;土壤养分;土壤酶活性

中图分类号  S  436.68+1文献标识码  A

文章编号  0517-6611（2020）04-0141-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.04.042

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Differences of Soil Nutrient and Soil Enzyme Activity near the Root of Banana Infected Wilt  Fusarium and Non-Infected plants in Wilt Disease Areas

YANG Shao-qiong，ZHANG Guang-yong，SUN Yin-hu et al  （  Honghe Institution of Tropical Agriculture Sciences of Yunnan，Hekou，Yunnan  661300）

Abstract  In order to study the differences of soil nutrient and enzyme activity of banana infected wilt fusarium and non-infected plant in banana orchards infected with wilt disease，eight infected plan and four non-infected plan soil samples were collected from four typical plantations infected by banana fusarium wilt in Hekou County，Yunnan Province.The objective of this study was providing research information for the prevention and control of banana fusarium wilt from the perspective of agronomic measures.The soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity was determined by conventional methods.The results indicated that the non-infected with fusarium plant soil pH was higher than infected plant in the same disease banana orchard，the difference between them was 0.17-1.77; the infected with fusarium plant soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content was higher than non-infected plant infected plant，the difference between them was 20.25-99.91 mg/kg; the infected with fusarium plant soil available phosphorus content was higher than non-infected plant infected plant，the difference between them was 1.16-253.87 mg/kg; the infected with fusarium plant soil available potassium content was higher than non-infected plant infected plant，the difference between them was 92.71-299.03 mg/kg.Soil invertase activity of infected plant was more than 1.17 times of non-infected plant.

Key words  Banana fusarium wilt;Infected plant;Non-infected plant;Soil nutrient;Soil enzyme activity

香蕉枯萎病是由古巴尖鐮孢侵染而引起维管束坏死的一种毁灭性土传真菌病害，也是当前严重威胁香蕉生产的主要病害之一，该病的发生严重制约着香蕉产业的发展，已成为我国香蕉产业发展的最大障碍之一，目前仍无有效、彻底的根治措施。土传病害的影响因子主要有土壤质地、养分、土壤pH、土壤微生物群落结构等。目前研究主要集中在枯萎病区健康蕉园和感病蕉园土壤细菌多样性、微生物群落多样性[1-5]以及添加化学剂或碱性肥料防控枯萎病的发生[6-12]。……