不同生境下狗牙根叶表皮细胞的比较研究

2020-03-31 12:23:41陈蕊程丽霞费永俊
湖北林业科技 2020年6期

陈蕊 程丽霞 费永俊

摘 要: 以生长在阳地旱生、阳地中生、阴地旱生3种不同生境下的野生狗牙根的叶表皮细胞为材料,分别测量了气孔数、气孔密度、长细胞、短细胞、气孔的长和宽。结果表明:狗牙根叶片长细胞的大小顺序:阳地旱生>阳地中生>阴地旱生,3种生境下长细胞的大小有显著差异(p<0.05);短细胞的大小在阳地旱生与阳地中生、阴地旱生差异显著(p<0.05),但阳地中生、阴地旱生差异不显著;气孔的长宽比在3种生境下有显著差异(p<0.05),气孔的长宽比顺序为阳地旱生<阳地中生<阴地旱生;3种生境下的狗牙根叶片的气孔密度差异显著(p<0.05),阳地中生>阳地旱生>阴地旱生,分别为319.30,240.01,278.22个·mm-2。

关键词: 生境;狗牙根;叶表皮细胞;适应性

中图分类号:Q945 78;S688 4   文献标识码:A   文章编号:1004-3020(2020)06-0001-04

Abstract: The leaf epidermis cells of wildness Cynodon dactylon which grew in 3 different environments were investigated. The appearance indexes of their leaves, such as the number of stoma, stoma density, the length and width of long cell, short cell and stoma were measured. The result showed that the size order of long cell of the leaf epidermis in Cynodon dactylon were sunny dryland, sunny ground and shady dryland. The size of leaf epidemis long cell demonstrated remarkable difference (p<0.05). The size of the short cell in sunny ground and sunny non-irrigated farmland or shady non-irrigated field was significant (p<0.05). But the difference in sunny filed and shady non-irrigated ground was not remarkable. The ratio of length to width of the stoma showed remarkable difference (p<0.05).The order of ratio was sunny non-irrigated field, shady non-irrigated ground, shady non-irrigated. The stoma density of Cynodon dactylon leaf epidermis in three different habitats demonstrated significant difference (p<0.05).The sunny field, the sunny non-irrigated field, the shady non-irrigated field, which were 319.3, 278.22, 240.01个·mm-2separately.

Key words: habitats;Cynodon dactylon;leaf epidermis cell;adaptability

狗牙根Cynodon dactylon又名绊根草[1],是暖季型草坪草中研究较深入的草种。因具有植株低矮、繁殖能力强、抗旱、耐践踏、质地纤细、色泽好等优点,被国内外广泛应用于建植草坪和保土护坡。狗牙根属Cynodon植物广泛分布于热带、亚热带地区,其中狗牙根是世界广布种[1]。从水平分布上看,在45°N~45°S范围内,狗牙根几乎遍布所有大陆、岛屿。从垂直分布上看,在尼泊尔、克什米尔及喜马拉雅山海拔4 000 m高度也有分布。也可以分布于海平面以下,如约旦、加里福尼亚及中国新疆南部[2]。中国从80年代引入三倍体狗牙根以来,北起洛阳,南至海南,均有大面积应用,因而狗牙根可以称为暖季型草坪草中最重要的草种之一[3]。

狗牙根喜温暖湿润气候,喜光、耐熱(可耐受43 ℃高温)、较耐荫,有一定的抗旱、耐盐碱能力,侵占性和抗杂草侵入能力很强,但喜热不耐寒,气温寒冷时生长很差,易遭受雪霜冻害。狗牙根的适应性、生长势和扩展性强,在年降水量600~1 600 mm的华东、华南、西南及长江中下游等地区生长最佳。狗牙根叶色浓绿,持绿期长,在华南地区约270 d,华东、华中约245 d,在北方适种区170~185 d。狗牙根……

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