突围及其拘囿

曾宪章 易秀娟

摘  要：著名戏剧家熊佛西主持的定县农民戏剧实验是当时中国戏剧的实践探索和转型突围，尽管取得了明显成绩，但是从戏剧观、实验效应、戏剧理论、后续发展等方面也存在相当局限：改良思想与戏剧观无法自洽调和的内在悖逆，地域集束化强效应和总体边缘地位的尴尬，境界格局受限的表象化理论阐释以及国难背景下的收缩与救亡图存的转向。深入审视和深刻反思其局限性和变化，有助于我们肯定定县农民戏剧实验对当时文艺大众化等戏剧运动有力推进和戏剧形态有效丰富的实绩，以及对中国戏剧发展道路的持续思考。

 关键词：熊佛西;农民戏剧实验;局限性

Break through and constraint

——Reflections on the limitations of the theory and practice of peasant drama experiment in Xiongfo-xi ding County

ZENG Xian-zhang  YI xiu-juan

（Hubei Polytechnic Institute，Xiaogan，Hubei432000，China）

Abstract：The experiment of farmer drama in Ding county， presided over by the famous dramatist Xiong Foxi， was the practice exploration and transformation breakthrough of the Chinese drama industry at that time. although the obvious achievements were made， there were also considerable limitations in the aspects of drama view， experimental effect， drama theory and follow-up development： the internal paradox between the improvement thoughts and the drama view; the strong effect of regional cluster and the embarrassment of overall marginal status; the apparent interpretation of limited pattern and the transformation of the contraction and salvation under the background of national disaster. In-depth examination and deep reflection on its limitations and changeshelp us to affirm the performanceof the farmer drama experiment in Ding county. It greatly promoted the popularization of literature and art and other dramatic movements at that time，enrichthe drama form， as well as the continuous thinking on the development path of Chinese drama.

Keywords：Xiong Foxi; the Farmer Drama Experiment; Limitations

著名戲剧家熊佛西主持的农民戏剧实验是二十世纪三十年代河北定县乡村建设实验的重要组成部分。一九三二年初春，熊佛西以中华平民教育促进会戏剧研究委员会主任身份，带领一批北平国立艺术学院戏剧系师生奔赴河北定县乡村建设运动实验区，进行以农村农民为主要题材对象、历时五年的农民戏剧实验，取得突出成绩，但也存在以下局限。

一、改良思想与戏剧观无法自洽调和的内在悖逆

这种内在悖逆主要体现在熊佛西改良思想与戏剧观的自我矛盾。晏阳初在河北定县的乡村建设实验及其所倡导的平民教育运动是一场改良主义性质的运动，试图通过小范围、渐进的改良来推动历史的发展，有其一定意义，但是，他将社会病症当成病原，其实是本末倒置，难以对社会制度的变革产生根本有力的影响。……