从司法实践看仲裁协议有效性准据法确定规则

摘 要：国际仲裁协议的法律适用结果对仲裁庭管辖权的有无、仲裁庭的仲裁权范围以及整个仲裁程序具有重要影响。关于仲裁协议形式、实质有效性以及解释的准据法確定，由于其均涉及某些实体性规则，故在判断准据法时应采用同一法，即采取当事人明示或默示选择的法律优先，辅之相关缺省规则如仲裁地法或根据最密切联系原则确定。但实践中关于当事人默示意图的确定争议颇多，特别是针对在一份商事合同中当事人约定的选法条款中选择A国法，在仲裁条款中选择仲裁地为B国的情形，故通过对典型案例评析对实践中如何确立当事人的默示意图提出相关建议。

关键词：国际性仲裁协议;准据法; 默示意图;司法实践

中图分类号：D997.4文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-1101（2020）04-0007-07

作者简介：王静（1996-），女，安徽淮南人，在读硕士，研究方向：国际法。

Abstract： The applicable law of international arbitration agreement can affect whether the tribunal have jurisdiction or not， the boundary of the tribunals power and to some extent， can affect the whole arbitral proceeding. Therefore， the determination of the applicable law is a principal issue in the arbitration. At present， there is no uniform rule towards this issue， and the most popular way is the “3-steps test” generated from the SULAMRICA①  case. In practice， determining the governing law of the arbitration clause contained in a commercial contract induced much troubles， especially under the circumstance that the governing law clause in the contract states “the governing law of the contract shall be law of A”，while the arbitration clause states “the place of arbitration shall be B”. In fact ，the essence of that issue is how to evaluate parties implied choice in practice. This article has analyzed typical cases concerning this issue and then promoted specific method to solve the problem.

Key words：International Arbitration Agreement;Applicable Law;Implied Choice;Judicial Practice

一、问题提出

仲裁协议②是国际商事仲裁中最重要的基石③，也是整个仲裁程序开启的必要条件。它载明了当事人将争议提交仲裁的合意。仲裁协议通常表现为两种方式，其一为存在于合同中的仲裁条款，往往在争议发生前，当事人在签订合同时约定将未来发生的争议提交仲裁;其二为单独签订的仲裁协议，往往为争议发生后，当事人约定将现存争议提交仲裁。但综观关于国际商事仲裁的国际文件和各国的仲裁立法，极少国家针对仲裁协议准据法单独做出规定。尽管各国立法与实践不完全一致，但不可否认的是各国对当事人意思自治原则的首要地位均予以尊重，即当事人明示或默示选择的仲裁协议准据法优先。……