微型种植体支抗对口腔正畸患者正畸效果及不良反应的影响分析

闫小静 魏强 闫召月

[摘要]目的：探討和分析微型种植体支抗对口腔正畸患者正畸效果及不良反应的影响。方法：选取2015年1月-2016年12月于笔者医院口腔科接受治疗的100例口腔正畸患者，随机分成对照组和观察组，每组50例。对照组给予非种植体支抗治疗（口外弓支抗治疗）;观察组给予微型种植体支抗治疗，比较两组患者接受治疗10个月后对正畸治疗的临床疗效、正畸效果、不良反应发生情况及患者治疗后满意程度。结果：经过10个月治疗后，观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组，两组比较差异显著，有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的上中切牙突距差和上中切牙倾角差均显著大于对照组，磨牙移位显著小于对照组，两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的不良反应发生率显著小于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组满意度为95.56%，对照组满意度为68.29%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：通过微型种植体支抗对口腔正畸患者进行治疗，可明显改善临床疗效，且患者不良反应发生率大大降低，不适感更少，可在临床上大范围推广使用。

[关键词]口腔正畸;微型种植体支抗;正畸效果;不良反应;患者满意度

Abstract： Objective  To explore and analyze the application effect of micro-implant anchorage on orthodontic effects and adverse reactions in patients with orthodontics. Methods  100 orthodontic patients who were treated in the department of stomatology of our hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 50 cases in each group. The control group was given non-implant anchorage therapy （extraoral arch anchorage therapy）， and the observation group was given micro-implant anchorage therapy. The clinical efficacy， orthodontic effect， adverse reactions and satisfaction degree of patients after treatment after 10 months of treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After 10 months of treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group， and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The difference of convex distance and inclination angle of upper and middle incisors in the observation group were significantly larger than those in the control group， and the molar displacement was significantly smaller than that in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group， and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The satisfaction of the observation group was 95.56%， and the satisfaction of the control group was 68.29%， and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion Treatment of orthodontic patients with micro-implant anchorage can significantly improve the clinical efficacy， and the incidence of adverse reactions of patients is greatly reduced with less discomfort， which can be widely used in clinical practice.

3  讨论

错牙合畸形不仅会影响患者面部美观和正常咀嚼功能，对于正处于青春发育关键期的青少年还可能导致一些心理障碍[6]，因此越来越多的人对口腔美容修复有更大的需求，口腔正畸治疗的应用也变得越来越广泛[7]，已经成为临床错牙合畸形的常用方法之一，甚至已经有人将流行的3D打印技术应用到口腔正畸治疗中[8]。很多错牙合畸形患者会选择口腔正畸来矫正牙齿、改善脸型，一些接受口腔修复的患者，也会选择在治疗过程中加入正畸治疗，以便在更好地提升修复的同时具备良好的口腔美观性[9]。口腔正畸治疗是通过在患者的牙齿加装矫正装置，对牙齿施加持续性的外力从而对牙齿、面部骨骼及颌面神经肌肉起到平衡作用，达到错牙合畸形治疗的目的[10]。……