Orem自理模式对唇腭裂患儿术后喂养知识及并发症发生率的影响研究

樊丽 陈叶俊 郭爽

[摘要]目的：观察Orem自理模式对唇腭裂患儿术后喂养知识、并发症发生率的影响。方法：选取笔者医院收治的50例唇腭裂患儿，将其随机分为两组，各25例，对照组予以常规护理，实验组实施Orem自理模式，比较两组患儿家属干预前后术后喂养知识掌握评分、患儿正确喂养率及并发症发生情况。结果：干预7d后，实验组患儿家属术后喂养知识掌握评分及正确喂养率明显高于对照组，并发症总发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：Orem自理模式可增加唇腭裂患儿家属术后喂养知识，提高正确喂养率，降低并发症风险。

[关键词]Orem自理模式;唇腭裂患儿;喂养知识;并发症

Abstract： Objective  To observe the effect of Orem self-care mode on postoperative feeding knowledge and complication rates in children with cleft lip and palate. Methods  Fifty children with cleft lip and palate were enrolled in our hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups， 25 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing mode， meanwhile the test group was treated with Orem self-care mode. With preoperative and postoperative interventions， these groups were compared according to feeding knowledge master scores， correct feeding rates， and complication rates. Results  After 7d of intervention， the scores of postoperative feeding knowledge and correct feeding rate of the family members of the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group， and the total incidence of complications was significantly lower than that of the control group， the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion  Orem self-care mode can expand the postoperative feeding knowledge of children with cleft lip and palate， improve feeding rates correctly and reduce the risks of complication.

Key words： Orem self-care mode; children with cleft lip and palate; feeding knowledge; complications

唇腭裂是口腔頜面部较为常见的先天畸形，在我国具有较高发病率，有调查显示，其发病率高达0.182%，新增病例大约3万/年[1-2]。唇腭裂序列治疗主要环节是手术修复，亦为该病唯一治疗手段。相关研究表明，如果唇腭裂患儿术后喂养方式不当，会引起严重并发症[3]。有报道指出，合理有效的护理干预对改善唇腭裂患儿预后具有积极意义[4-5]。本文以50例唇腭裂患儿作为研究对象，探讨Orem自理模式对唇腭裂患儿术后喂养知识、并发症发生率的影响。现报道如下。

1  资料和方法

1.1 临床资料：选取2013年1月-2018年1月笔者医院收治的50例唇腭裂患儿，纳入标准：①先天性唇腭裂患儿，具有手术适应证;②家属同意行修复手术治疗;③智力正常;④有1名直系亲属负责照护患儿;⑤患儿家属对研究知情，并签署知情同意书。排除标准：①合并先天性脏器疾病;②伴随免疫系统或者血液系统疾病;③无直系亲属照护;④拒绝参与研究者。……