盐分胁迫对养心菜生长及品质指标的影响

2020-05-20 03:29张国新王秀萍姚玉涛
安徽农业科学 2020年8期
关键词:生长指标盐胁迫品质

张国新 王秀萍 姚玉涛

摘要 [目的]研究土壤盐分对养心菜生长及品质等指标的影响,为不同程度盐碱地条件下养心菜的功能性栽培提供技术支撑。[方法]采用原土调配盆栽试验,通过CK(0.65 g/kg)、T1(2.00 g/kg)、T2(4.00 g/kg)、T3(6.00 g/kg)、T4(8.00 g/kg)5个盐分胁迫处理,进行株高、单株产量指标及单宁、黄酮、硝酸盐、Vc等品质指标分析。[结果]养心菜株高、茎数、单株产量均随盐分增加而逐渐减小,CK、T1处理间单株产量差异不显著,与其他3个处理间差异均达显著水平;随盐分增大,单宁含量逐渐增加,养心菜植株中黄酮含量先增加后减小,4个处理与对照比较均达显著水平,其中T4处理达到最大值,变幅在1.12~1.36 mg/g之间。随着盐分增加,硝酸盐含量逐渐减小,4个处理与对照比较均达显著水平;Vc含量除T1处理较对照略有增加外,其他处理均逐渐减小,与对照比较均达显著水平。[结论]养心菜作为盐碱地食用栽培,以含盐量2.00 g/kg的轻度盐碱地为宜;成分提取及功能性开发栽培,以土壤含盐量不超过4.00 g/kg为宜。

关键词 盐胁迫;养心菜;生长指标;品质

Abstract [Objective]The effects of soil salinity on growth, quality and other indicators of Sedum aizoon L.were studied to provide technical support for functional cultivation of Sedum aizoon L. under different saline alkali soils. [Method]The pot experiment was carried out with original soil blending. The plant height, yield index per plant, tannin, flavonoid, nitrate, VC and other quality indexes were analyzed by five salt stress treatments of CK (0.65 g/kg), T1 (2.00 g/kg), T2 (4.00 g/kg), T3 (6.00 g/kg) and T4(8.00 g/kg).[Result]Plant height, stem number and the yield per plant decreased gradually with the increase of salt content, and there was no significant difference in the yield per plant between the CK and T1 treatment , and the differences with other three treatments reached significant levels;with the increase of salinity, the tannin content increased gradually. With the increase of salt, the content of flavonoids in Sedum aizoon L. increased at first and then decreased, and the content of flavonoids in the four treatments reached a significant level compared with CK, among which T4 treatment reached the maximum, with a range of 1.12-1.36 mg/g. With the increase of salinity, the content of nitrate gradually decreased, and the four treatments reached a significant level compared with the control; except for the T1 treatment, which slightly increased compared with the control, the other treatments gradually decreased and reached a significant level compared with the control.[Conclusion]As an edible cultivation in salinealkali land, it is suitable for mild saline alkali land with salt content of about 2.00 g/kg, and for component extraction and functional development and cultivation, soil salt content should not exceed 4.00 g/kg.

Key words Salt stress;Sedum aizoon L.;Growth index;Quality

養心菜(Sedum aizoon L.),学名费菜,为景天科景天属多年生草本宿根植物,在我国分布广泛,是一种食用、药用及园林兼用植物。养心菜茎叶富含铁、钙等矿质元素,营养价值丰富[1],可食用也可加工茶、饮料等[2-3]。植株含谷淄醇、类黄酮、槲皮素等多种药用物质[4-5],经常食用能有效治疗高血压和心脏病等心血管疾病[6],具有极高药用价值[7];由于其耐旱及耐寒性好,适应性强,是风沙治理及园林绿化的优选植物[8-9]。

一般情况下,盐胁迫会降低蔬菜的产量并影响其营养品质变化,但因种类、盐胁迫程度的不同,影响有所差异。硝酸盐作为蔬菜食用安全性的重要指标,叶果菜类等均有一定的安全限值。该研究表明,供试条件下养心菜植株中硝酸盐含量变幅在563.7~1 751.3 mg/kg之间,均在安全限值内,且随土壤盐分增加逐渐减小,这与姜娜娜等[25]对盐胁迫下盐芥硝酸盐的吸收研究结果基本一致,可能与盐分胁迫抑制了养心菜生长,从而影响了N素吸收有关。随着盐分增加,养心菜Vc含量呈现小幅升高后逐渐减小趋势,盐分越高,下降越明显,其中2.00 g/kg盐分处理Vc含量达到最高值(为29.13 mg/100 g),但与对照间差异不显著,与其他几个处理间差异均达显著水平,说明适度低盐胁迫有利于养心菜Vc形成,高盐影响养心菜的营养品质。综合分析看,养心菜作为盐碱地食用栽培,以含盐量2.00 g/kg的轻度盐碱地为宜;养心菜作为成分提取及功能性开发栽培,以土壤含盐量不超过4.00 g/kg为宜。

参考文献

[1]  余宏军,蒋卫杰,孙奂明,等.十九种稀特蔬菜的营养价值[J].北方园艺, 2008(8):52-56.

[2] 王小会,张丽霞,孙庆娜.干燥温度对景天三七茶香气的影响[J].食品研究与开发,2013,34(8):28-32.

[3] 卞国勇,王伟,胡艳慧,等.紫山药—养心菜—蓝莓复合保健饮料的研制[J].包装与食品机械,2018,36(2):6-9.

[4] 于志斌,杨广义,吴霞,等.救心草的化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2007,19(1):67-69.

[5] 林珠灿,房英娟,黄安玉,等.高效液相色谱法同时测定不同产地及不同药用部位景天三七中4种黄酮类成分的含量[J].分析科学学报,2013,29(6):819-822.

[6] 王娜,王奇志.费菜的临床应用及其研究进展[J].北方园艺,2011(23):171-174.

[7] 孟飞,罗霄,巩江,等.费菜药学研究概况[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2010,12(8):31-33.

[8] 苑森朋,张振师,党廷辉,等.毛乌素沙地光伏电站3种植物措施生长发育状况及其生态功能比较[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):235-239.

[9] 涂爱萍.屋顶绿化景天属植物的适应性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(4):717-719,727.

[10] 全国土壤普查办公室. 中国土壤[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998.

[11] 田晓艳,刘延吉,张蕾,等.4种景天属植物抗盐胁迫能力的差异[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(3):57-60.

[12] 王秀萍,张国新,鲁雪林,等.养心菜的耐盐性及其对滨海盐碱土的改良效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(4):1796-1799.

[13] 宋波,徐海,陈龙正,等.绿色保健蔬菜费菜的优质高效栽培技术[J].江苏农业科学,2010(6):246.

[14] 刘雪梅,吴符火,黄启福.养心草胶囊调脂作用药效学实验研究[J].中国病理生理杂志,2005,21(8):1628.

[15] JIN C B,WEI X C,YANG S L,et al.Microwave assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon leaves[J]. Food science and technology research,2017,23(1):111-118.

[16] 苏丹,孙国峰,张金政,等.水分胁迫对费菜和长药八宝生长及生物量分配的影响[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1317-1320.

[17] 吴永华,许宏刚,张建旗,等.14种景天属植物的抗旱性比较[J].草业科学,2012,29(6):904-908.

[18] 陈克克, 强毅. 陕西产景天三七总黄酮含量的测定[J].北方园艺,2011(24):214-216.

[19] MUNNS R,TESTER M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2008,59:651-681.

[20] 张国新,刘雅辉,李强,等.梯度滨海盐土对费菜生长指标及Na+、K+ 分布的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(10):163-166.

[21] KRANNER I,BIRTIC S.A modulating role for antioxidants in desiccation tolerance[J].Integrative and comparative biology,2005,45(5):734-740.

[22] 石碧,狄瑩.植物多酚[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:180-191.

[23] STAMATAKIS A,PAPADANTONAKIS N,SAVVAS D,et al. Effects of silicon and salinity on fruit yield and quality of tomato grown hydroponically[J].Acta horticulturae(ISHS),2003,609:141-147.

[24] 苏虎,周春丽.不同逆境胁迫条件对草珊瑚总黄酮含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(17):7995-7996.

[25] 姜娜娜,崔凤,刘译阳,等.盐胁迫对盐芥硝酸盐的吸收及根系生长发育的影响[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(9):37-41.

猜你喜欢
生长指标盐胁迫品质
花生Clp家族成员的筛选、聚类和盐胁迫响应分析
氯化钙处理对鲜切萝卜生理与品质的影响
“鄞红”、“巨峰”、“红富士”葡萄及其杂交后代品质分析
浅谈民生新闻栏目特色的挖掘
工商联副主席潘刚:让中国企业成为“品质”代名词