建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型的研究进展

王淑琪 李慧 杨晓强 白云绮 林繄依 高照 孙克寒 聂波

[摘要] 動脉粥样硬化是受累动脉从内膜开始病变的一种常见血管病，是冠心病、脑梗死、外周血管病的主要发病原因，严重危害人类身体健康。建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型对深入了解动脉粥样硬化发病机制、发生发展过程、临床诊断和防治都具有重大意义。通过查阅国内外相关文献，本文归纳和总结大鼠动脉粥样硬化建模方法，比较各种建模方法的优缺点，概述建立动脉粥样硬化动物模型的现状与进展，总结发现单纯高脂饲料喂养很难形成动脉粥样硬化病变，而高脂饲料结合维生素D只能造成早期病变且造模时间较长，但高脂饲料结合维生素D的同时，加以手术机械损伤作用可形成与人类动脉粥样硬化相似的较成熟的病变斑块。

[关键词] 大鼠;动脉粥样硬化;动物模型;研究进展

[中图分类号] R-332          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2020）04（c）-0045-05

Progress in the establishment of atherosclerosis models in rats

WANG Shuqi1，2   LI Hui1，2   YANG Xiaoqiang3   BAI Yunqi2   LIN Yiyi2   GAO Zhao2   SUN Kehan1   NIE Bo1，2▲

1.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing   100029， China; 2.Key Laboratory of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education， Beijing Key Laboratory， Dongzhimen Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine， Beijing   100700， China; 3.Department of Stomatology ， Army Equipment Department Clinic， Beijing   100012， China

[Abstract] Atherosclerosis is a common vascular disease that affects the arteries from the intima， and it is the main cause of coronary heart disease， cerebral infarction and peripheral vascular disease. The establishment of an animal model of atherosclerosis is of great significance in understanding the pathogenesis， development， clinical diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerosis. By referring to relevant literatures at home and abroad， this paper summarizes the modeling methods of atherosclerosis in rats， compares the advantages and disadvantages of various modeling methods， and summarizes the current situation and progress of establishing animal models of atherosclerosis. Through the review of related literature at home and abroad， this article induces and summarizes the modeling method of atherosclerosis in rats， and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various modeling methods， an overview of the current situation and progress of establishing animal models of atherosclerosis， and concludes that the simple high-fat feed is difficult to form the atherosclerosis lesions， and high-fat feed combined with vitamin D can cause early pathological changes and the build mode for a long time， but the high fat feedstuff combined with vitamin D at the same time， the mechanical damage to surgery can form and human similar mature lesions of atherosclerosis plaques.

[Key words] Rat; Atherosclerosis; Animal models; Research progress

动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）作为一种慢性炎症性疾病，是由多种因素共同作用引起的，发病机制复杂[1]。构建AS动物模型对于探究AS的病因、发病机制、防治和药物研发具有重要意义[2]。目前有关AS的发病机制的假说有：脂质浸润学说、钙超载学说、内膜损伤学说、免疫反应学说等。虽然这些假说都从某一方面解释了AS的发病机制，但这些假说并不能全面的阐述AS的发生、发展过程与机理。在AS的发展过程中，大量脂质在血管中积累，钙质也在血管沉积从而导致血管钙化、血管内皮损伤，此变化加剧了脂质的侵入和损伤，同时又有炎性因子引起的免疫反应，多种因素共同作用导致AS[3]。……