盐田区口腔健康、危险因素及干预策略探讨

田军

【摘要】 目的：探討盐田区口腔健康、危险因素及干预策略。方法：2018年1-12月采用社区招募的方法选取210个家庭（650名），采用随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组，每组105个家庭，其中对照组329名，研究组321名。为每个家庭建立档案并对社会人口学资料、口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯、口腔知识态度等情况进行问卷调查，分析影响家庭口腔健康的危险因素。从2019年1月开始给予研究组针对性口腔健康干预措施，为期6个月。比较两组干预后的生活习惯、口腔预防和治疗等情况。结果：年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、体重指数、是否使用含氟牙膏、1年内是否进行口腔常规检查、吃甜点频率为牙周疾病的危险因素（P<0.05）。年龄、文化程度、体重指数、是否有医保及口腔知识态度为龋齿的危险因素（P<0.05）。研究组经口腔健康干预后，所有家庭成员定期检查口腔、使用含氟牙膏、每名成员每天刷牙≥2次的家庭均多于对照组，而每月购买饮料总量>1 000 mL的家庭少于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组经口腔健康干预后，有家庭成员接受口腔疾病治疗、所有成员进行洁牙及为儿童牙齿进行局部涂氟/窝沟封闭的家庭均多于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、体重指数、口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯、是否有医保及口腔知识态度为盐田区社区家庭成员口腔健康的危险因素。以家庭为单位进行口腔健康干预措施，能够有效控制影响家庭口腔健康的危险因素，逐渐改变家庭生活行为、口腔卫生习惯，积极预防与治疗口腔疾病，促进家庭成员口腔健康。

【关键词】 家庭口腔健康 牙周疾病 口腔常规检查

Discussion on Oral Health， Risk Factors and Intervention Strategies in Yantian District/TIAN Jun. //Medical Innovation of China， 2020， 17（15）： -164

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the oral health， risk factors and intervention strategies in Yantian District. Method： From January to December 2018， 210 families （650 people） were selected through community recruitment. According to the random number table method， they were divide into control group and research group， 105 families in each group. There were 329 cases in the control group and 321 cases in the research group. The archives were established for each family and social demographic data， oral hygiene habits， dietary habits， oral knowledge and attitudes were investigated by questionnaire. The risk factors affecting oral health of the family were analyzed. The research group was given targeted oral health interventions from January 2019 for 6 months. Lifestyle， oral prophylaxis and treatment after intervention were compared between the two groups. Result： Age， marital status， education level， body mass index， whether to use fluoride toothpaste， whether to carry out oral routine examination within 1 year， eating dessert frequency were the risk factors of periodontal disease （P<0.05）. Age， education level， body mass index， medical insurance and oral knowledge attitude were the risk factors of caries （P<0.05）. After oral health intervention in the research group， the number of families with all family members regular oral examinations， fluoride toothpaste， and tooth brushing ≥2 times per member per day were higher than those of the control group， and the number of families with total beverage purchases of >1 000 mL per month was lower than that of the control group （P<0.05）. After oral health intervention in the research group， the number of families family members receiving oral disease treatment， dental cleaning for all members and topical fluorination/fossa sealing for children's teeth were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Age， marital status， educational level， body mass index， oral hygiene habits， dietary habits， medical insurance and oral knowledge attitude were risk factors for oral health of community family members in Yantian district. Taking oral health intervention measures in the family as a unit can effectively control the risk factors affecting oral health of the family， gradually change the family life behavior and oral hygiene habits， actively prevent and treat oral diseases， and promote oral health of family members.

[Key words] Family oral health Periodontal disease Oral routine examination

First-authors address： Yantian District Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen City， Shenzhen 518081， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.15.041

口腔疾病是多发、常见病，对人们的健康有着较大的影响。牙龈无出血、颜色正常，口腔无疼痛感、无龋洞、清洁被世界卫生组织确认为人体健康的十大标准之一，其中，危害居民口腔健康的主要问题就是牙周疾病和龋病[1-2]。良好的口腔健康行为可减少口腔疾病的发生，有效预防口腔疾病[3-4]。据流行病学调查发现，我国居民超过80%患有不同程度的牙周疾病，超过60%患有龋齿。影响居民健康的除了自身健康行为外，还包括家庭行为习惯、对健康知识和信息的了解[5-6]。所以，对居民口腔健康状况、健康知识等因素进行探索、分析，寻找导致口腔疾病的危险因素，进一步实施针对性干预措施，才能对居民口腔健康进行维护。……