浅谈拉萨城市建筑风貌导则管控策略及方法

宋波 郭皇甫

摘要：随着我国城镇化进程不断加快，城市风貌越发受到全球现代化理念影响，城市之间的差异性正逐渐消失，“千城一面”的现象愈演愈烈。在此背景下，本文通过对西藏自治区拉萨市建筑风貌导则的制定过程进行回顾性梳理，总结并阐述了导则中的重要原则、思路及实施措施。通过对城市现状的充分调研，以当下突出的风貌问题为导向，设计团队构建了以“3大管控要素、6片特色风貌分区、4类建筑功能、3类要素界面”为主体的管控体系，建立了层级分明的管控方法。以总体管控措施（通则）为理论框架，以具体管控措施（细则）为实施指导，最终形成了“一套导则、一本说明书，一个案例库与一个要素库”的成果体系，以期对当今寻求特色城镇形象的全国各地建设活动提供借鉴。

关键词：导则；管控体系；风貌分区；建筑功能；拉萨市

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2020.04.015 中图分类号：TU982.29

文章编号：1009-1483（2020）04-0107-09 文献标识码：A

Brief Summary on the Management and Control Strategy of Architectural Style Guidelines in Lhasa

SONG Bo， GUO Huangfu

[Abstract] With the accelerating process of urbanization in China， the city style is more and more affected by the concept of global modernization， and the cities diversities are gradually disappearing， along with the phenomenon of "one appearance among a thousand cities" becoming more and more intense. In this context， this paper reviews the formulation process of architectural style guidelines in Lhasa， Tibet Autonomous Region， and summarizes and expounds the important principles， ideas and implementation measures in the guidelines. Through full investigation of the current situation of the city， guided by the current outstanding style problems， the design team has built a management and control system with "3 major control elements， 6 characteristic style zones， 4 types of building functions and 3 types of element interfaces" as the main body， and established a hierarchical management and control method. With the overall management and control measures （general principles） as the theoretical framework and the specific management and control measures （detailed rules） as the implementation guidance， the achievement system of "a set of guidelines， a manual， a case database and a factor database" has been finally formed， with a view to providing reference for the construction activities in all parts of the country seeking the image of characteristic cities and towns.

[Keywords] guideline； management and control system； architectural style zoning； building function； Lhasa City

引言

2016年，中共中央、國务院发布的《关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》提出“塑造城市特色风貌，提高城市设计水平。通过城市设计统筹城市建筑布局，协调城市景观风貌，体现城市地域特征、民族特色和时代风貌，保护历史文化风貌。有序实施城市修补和有机更新，解决老城区环境品质下降、空间秩序混乱、历史文化遗产损毁等问题。促进建筑物、街道立面、天际线、色彩和环境更加协调、优美”。[1]此外，2016年召开的“中央城市工作会议”、2017年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程的意见》[2]、2017年住建部发布的《城市设计管理办法》[3]均体现出对城市风貌的高度关注。……