生物菌肥不同施用方式对马铃薯生长及产量的影响

段转宁　郑光跃　朱炳权　董一成

摘要 以兴佳2号为材料，设计了生物菌肥浸种、生物菌肥灌根、生物菌肥叶面喷施、生物菌肥浸种+生物菌肥灌根+生物菌肥叶面喷施及不施生物菌肥5种施肥方式，研究生物菌肥不同施用方式对马铃薯生长及产量的影响，旨在为马铃薯施肥技术提供理论依据。结果表明，与对照相比，生物菌肥的不同施用方式对马铃薯生育期无显著影响，生物菌肥灌根能够提高马铃薯株高;生物菌肥灌根与生物菌肥叶面喷施处理下单薯重均增加14%以上，大薯率分别提高1.52与0.47百分点;生物菌肥浸种处理产量与对照相近，生物菌肥灌根与生物菌肥叶面喷施处理产量小幅度减少，生物菌肥浸种+生物菌肥灌根+生物菌肥叶面喷施处理产量增加2.21%，不同施肥处理下马铃薯产量变化均未达显著水平。

关键词 生物菌肥;马铃薯;生长;产量

中图分类号 S532文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0050-02

Abstract The experiment with potato variety Xingjia No. 2 as material，designed biofertilizer soaking seeds， biofertilizer irrigation， biofertilizer spray， biofertilizer soaking seeds +biofertilizer irrigation+biofertilizer spray and no biofertilizer 5 application methods， in order to investigate the effects of different application methods of biofertilizer on potato growth and yield， which might provide a theoretical basis of potato fertilization technology.The results showed that compared with the control， different application methods of biofertilizer had no significant effect on the growth period of the potato， and the biofertilizer irrigation could increase the height of the potato; tuber weight increased by more than 14% under the spraying of biofertilizer and irrigating;big tuber percentage increased by 1.52 and 0.47 percentage points respectively;under the soaking seeds treatment of biofertilizer， the yield remained similar as the control; the yield was slightly reduced under the treatment of biofertilizer irrigation and biofertilizer spray;under the treatment of biofertilizer soaking+biofertilizer irrigation+biofertilizer spray production increased by 221%.The potato yield changes under each treatment did not reach significant levels.

Key words Biofertilizer;Potato;Growth;Yield

馬铃薯是通江县的传统产业，是通江县发展旱作节水农业的重要途径，近年来种植面积不断扩大[1-2]。马铃薯生产过程中，常规施肥方式忽略了化肥与有机肥的施用造成的土壤板结、地力下降等问题[3]。生物菌肥及其有益菌的代谢产物能有效促进马铃薯的生长、提高马铃薯产量[4]。研究表明施用生物菌肥能够提高马铃薯品质[5]。为了探究生物菌肥在通江马铃薯生产中的应用效果，笔者采用大田试验，研究生物菌肥的不同施用方式对马铃薯生长的影响，以期为马铃薯大田生产及施肥技术推广提供参考。……