龙园蜜李·黑宝石和秋姬3个李子品种在石家庄引种表现

景晨娟　陈雪峰　武晓红　季文章　王端

摘要 [目的]研究引种至石家庄的龙园蜜李、黑宝石和秋姬3个李子品种的栽培表现以及在该地区三者之间的差异。[方法]对3个李子品种的物候期、叶片和果实指标与其他相近地区或主要资源圃进行差异分析，并对同地区的3个品种进行分析。[结果]引种至石家庄的龙园蜜李叶芽膨大期晚于引种地牡丹江，其余物候期均较早，果个大，可溶性固形物含量（SSC）高达15.8%，果实发育期90 d，属早熟品种;黑宝石物候期早于引种地辽宁约20 d，但晚于豫南地区约15 d，果实密度大，SSC达13.8%;秋姬物候期早于辽宁约30 d，除落叶期晚于天津约10 d，其余物候期均早约30 d，单果重、果个和SSC均较小，果皮颜色差。黑宝石和秋姬果实发育期均为120 d，属中晚熟品种。叶片表现为龙园蜜李叶面积最大，秋姬最小。黑宝石果皮表色最深，秋姬最浅，但二者果个、果重均较大。[结论]龙园蜜李和黑宝石引种至石家庄表现良好，可作为育种亲本，秋姬则表现稍差，作资源保存。

关键词 李子;引种;物候期;叶片形态;果实差异

中图分类号 S662.3文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0046-04

Abstract [Objective]To investigate the cultural performance of three plum varieties of Longyuanmi plum，Friar and Akihime introduced in Shijiazhuang，and analyzed the differences among three varieties.[Method]The phenological phase of the three varieties，and the related parameters of leaf and fruits with that in other major resource nursery areas，and the differences among the three cultivars introduced in Shijiazhuang were compared.[Result]The phenological phase of Longyuanmi plum introduced in Shijiazhuang was earlier about one month than Mudan jiang，and the fruit size and soluble solids content were all the highest，the SSC was 15.8%，and it was an earlymaturing variety with 90 days of fruit development.The phenological phase of Friar was earlier 20 d than that in Liaoning，and later 15 d than that in Southern Henan area.Fruit density was high，SSC was 13.8%.Akihime phenological phase in Shijiazhuang was earlier about one month than that in Xiongyue resources nursery.and except the defoliating stage at Shijiazhuang was earlier 10 d than that in Tianjin，the other phenological phases were all earlier.Fruit weight，fruit size and SSC in Akihime were the minimum.Friar and Akihime belong to medlate maturing varieties with 120 d of fruit development.The maximum of the leaf diameter and leaf area was Longyuanmi plum，Akihime was the minimum，Friar fruit surface color was dark purple，Longyuanmi Plum was red，Akihime was palered.[Conclusion]Longyuanmi plum and Friar introduced into Shijiazhuang showed a good performance and could be used as a breeding candidate parent，while Akihime showed a worse performance and was saved only as a resource.

Key words Plum;Introduction;Phenological phase;Leaf morphology;Fruit difference

龙园蜜李、黑宝石和秋姬均属于李子特色品种，无论从口感还是外观均表现出较高的市场经济价值。因此，近十几年，这3个李子品种引种栽培较多，主要集中在引种当地后的果实特性、树势生长以及简单的物候期表现以及栽培管理措施和注意事项。但对于树体和果实整体的系统性调查以及与其他适宜栽培区的比较鲜见报道，因此，仍无法系统地评判其生长的适宜区以及最佳生产区。……