陈军 孙义祥


摘要 为探究稻麦轮作区秸秆还田对氮肥的替代作用,推进秸秆资源高效利用,提升土壤质量,通过连续4年定位试验,在小麦秸秆全量还田的条件下,设置5个施氮水平,分别为0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm2,研究不同处理对水稻产量和土壤有机质含量的影响。结果表明,秸秆全量还田下,施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,水稻产量最高;施氮量为0和60 kg/hm2时,水稻产量无显著差异;施氮量为120和240 kg/hm2时,水稻产量无显著差异。秸秆全量还田下,施氮量为0 kg/hm2时,土壤有机质含量有下降趋势,随着施氮量增加土壤有机质含量有增加趋势,但未达显著水平。
关键词 秸秆还田;施氮量;水稻;产量;土壤有机质
中图分类号 S511文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611(2020)11-0169-02
Abstract In order to study the substitutable effect of straw returning on nitrogen fertilizer, promote the efficient utilization of straw resources and improve soil quality, a 4yearfield plot experiment was carried out at five rates of nitrogen fertilizer including 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2 in ricewheat rotation system, respectively. The results showed that rice yield was the highest applying rate of nitrogen at 180 kg/hm2 under straw returning. Applying rate of nitrogen at 0 and 60 kg/hm2, there was no significant difference in rice yield. Rice yield also was no significant differences between applying rate of nitrogen at 120 and 240 kg/hm2. The soil organic matter content tended to decrease at applying rate of nitrogen at 0 kg/hm2. However, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the soil organic matter content tended to increase, which did not reach a significant level.
Key words Straw returning;Nitrogen fertilizer rates;Rice;Yield;Soil organic matter
秸秆是一种重要的可再生有机资源,含有氮、磷、钾等作物生长所需的营养元素[1]。在政府的倡导和农技人员的推广下,秸秆还田成为秸秆资源利用最直接和有效的方式。秸秆还田可以改善土壤物理性质,提高肥料利用率,也能固持土壤氮素,减少氮素损失[2-3]。由于秸秆中含有大量钾素,人们通常用其替代部分钾肥,但秸秆一方面含有氮素,又能固持土壤氮素,因此秸稈可用作替代氮素的肥料。关于水旱轮作下秸秆还田与氮肥运筹的研究很多[4-5]。但秸秆全量还田下,氮肥的用量尚不明确。因此,笔者通过田间定位试验研究秸秆全量还田下不同氮肥水平对水稻产量和土壤有机质含量的影响,旨在为秸秆还田培肥土壤和替代氮肥提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况……p>