防风的本草考证

邹婧　王悦　张学涛　宋兴爽　姚中伟　唐春伟　王玲娜

摘要 通过查阅本草古籍和现代研究文献，以今看古，在守本的基础上创新、系统地分析防风。经过考证，防风始载于《神农本草经》，除《中国药典》所记载的正品防风，历代本草记载的防风还存在一些其他伞形科植物。古代以野生防风为主，主产陕西、山东、河南，现以栽培为主，主产东北及内蒙古东部，从古至今向北移动。除防风的根外，其叶、花、果实均有药用价值。防风药性平和，配伍广泛而灵活，值得进一步开发利用。

关键词 防风;本草考证;名称;植物形态;来源;产地;药用部位

中图分类号 R281文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0175-03

Abstract By referring to the ancient herbal books and modern research literature， innovated and systematically analyzed Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae on the basis of keeping the original.After research，the Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae was first published in the Shennongs Herbal Classic.In addition to the authentic Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia，there were also some other umbelliferous plants in the Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae recorded in the past.In the ancient times，wild windprevention was the main product，mainly producing in Shaanxi，Shandong and Henan.Nowadays，it was mainly cultivated.It mainly produced northeast and eastern Inner Mongolia，and had moved northward from ancient times to the present.In addition to the Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae，its leaves，flowers and fruits had medicinal value.The properties of the Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae medicine were peaceful，the compatibility was wide and flexible，and it was worth further development and utilization.

Key words Radix Saposhnikoviae divaricatae;Herbal research;Name;Plant morphology;Source;Place of origin;Medicinal part

防风为伞形科植物防风Saposhnikovia divaricata（Turcz.）Schischk.未抽花茎植物的干燥根，味辛、微甘，性温，具有祛风解表、止痉、胜湿止痛的功效[1]，主治外感风寒、头痛目眩、骨节疼痛、周身疼痛、风寒湿痹等证，是我国常用的中药材之一[2]。现已从防风中鉴定分离出120余种化学成分，主要有色原酮、香豆素、有机酸、挥发油等化合物[3]。药理研究表明，防风具有抗炎作用、抗过敏、抗惊厥、抗癌、抑菌和增强机体非特异性免疫功能的作用[4-9]。

防风作为我国传统著名的解表药，应用历史悠久。如今野生防风资源匮乏，栽培防风因具有生长快、产量高等优点[10]，目前已经成为市场主体，种植区域广泛[11]，然而栽培品种混乱导致质量参差不齐[11]。谢宗万[12]报道，市场中除正品防风外，防风的伪品、混淆品以及地区习用品多达30余种，防风市场混乱，严重影响中医临床疗效。……