电动拖拉机复合电源系统研究

刘静　孙闫

摘要 针对单一电源电动拖拉机田间复杂作业工况适应性差的问题，提出了一种基于锂离子电池-超级电容的复合电源电动拖拉机，并对该复合电源的拓扑结构、参数匹配及功率分配策略进行了研究。综合考虑控制复杂程度、成本、效率等因素，选取了超级电容半主动式拓扑结构。对锂离子电池串联数目和超级电容的容量进行了匹配，以达到电动拖拉机作业的能耗需求。针对电动拖拉机不同作业工况，提出了不同的功率分配策略，对于各电源部件的优势发挥、整机能耗的减小、能源利用效率的提高都具有重要意义。

关键词 复合能源;电动拖拉机;参数匹配;功率分配

中图分类号 S219.4文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0213-03

Abstract In order to solve the problem of poor adaptability of singlepower electric tractor under complex working conditions in the field， a new type of electric tractor with composite power supply based on lithiumion battery and supercapacitor was proposed. The topological structure， parameter matching and power distribution strategy of the hybrid energy storage system were studied. Considering the complexity， cost and efficiency of control， the semiactive topology of super capacitor was selected. The number of lithiumion batteries in series and the capacity of super capacitor were matched， so as to meet the energy consumption demand of electric tractor. According to different working conditions of the electric tractor， different power distribution strategies were put forward， which were of great significance for the advantages of the power components， the reduction of the energy consumption of the whole machine and the improvement of the energy utilization efficiency.

Key words Composite energy;Electric tractor;Parameter matching;Power distribution

隨着全球能源危机以及环境污染等问题的日益凸显，各行各业都在加快研发制造节能、高效、环保的产品来满足社会发展需求。电动拖拉机作为新一代兴起的农业动力机械，因其多功能、污染小以及能够减轻劳动强度等诸多优点，而越来越受到广大农民的青睐。

国内外相关科研机构已研制出不同结构的电动拖拉机，并在整机性能、驱动系统设计和匹配、主要部件性能等方面开展了理论和试验研究。与电动汽车一样，电动拖拉机的电源及其管理技术也是研究的重点。目前已研制的电动拖拉机能量来源单一，如锂离子电池、铅酸蓄电池或镍氢电池等。电动拖拉机在田间作业时，经常会遇到突变载荷，单一电源无法短时间内提供足够大的功率来满足需求，或者过度放电导致不可逆的损坏或缩短了使用寿命。……