基于农户层面的耕地利用功能演变研究

肖楠

摘要 当前农户耕地利用的自给性和季节性闲置正动摇我国粮食安全的基础。基于农户耕地功能演变的视角，以湘、赣、琼3省的6个自然村农户为调查对象，采用田野调查和历史追溯法分析了1998—2018年农户层面的耕地利用功能演变。结果表明：①农户耕地总体功能呈分化特征;②农户耕地利用的经济功能、生产功能与养老功能凸显，保障功能与粮食安全功能逐渐减弱;③不同农户耕地利用功能存在差异，且差异程度不一，纯农户样本的耕地利用功能主要是生产功能、就业养老功能和保障功能;非农农户的主要功能为保障功能和经济功能;④农户耕地利用功能的地区差异明显，但总体上以生产功能、保障功能及就业养老功能为主;在各地区的功能变化趋势上保障功能与就业养老功能大体上呈上升趋势。最后从种粮补贴政策与土地利用政策方面给出了相关建议。

关键词 耕地功能;纯农户;非农农户;粮食生产

中图分类号 F301.2文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0230-04

Abstract The selfsufficiency and seasonal idleness of current farmers arable land use are shaking the foundation of Chinas food security. Based on the perspective of farmers arable land function evolution， this paper analyzed the evolution of farmland households utilitarian land use during 1998-2018 using field surveys and historical tracing methods in the six natural villages of Hunan， Guizhou and Qiong. The results showed that： ①the overall function of farmers cultivated land is differentiated; ②the economic function， production function and oldage function of farmers cultivated land use are prominent， and the function of safeguarding and food security is gradually weakened; ③different farm households have different use functions of cultivated land， and the degree of difference is different. The cultivated land use function of pure farmer households is mainly production function， employment and oldage function and security function; the main function of nonagricultural households is to guarantee function and economic function; ④the regional difference of farmers cultivated land use function is obvious， but overall mainly in terms of production function， guarantee function and employment pension function;the function of ensuring function and employment pension in the function change trend of each region is generally rising. finally， the article gives suggestions on grain subsidy policy and land use policy.

Key words Function of arable land;Pure farmers;Nonagricultural farmers;Food production

對于拥有14亿人口的大国而言，粮食安全是社会稳定发展的根基。长久以来农户都是粮食生产主体，因此，提高农户粮食生产的积极性，增加粮食产出就是解决粮食安全问题。但在我国社会发展进入工业化和城镇化快速发展阶段后，国民经济三次产业结构中，农业收入占比不断降低，非农收入已成为农户收入主要来源，加之农业老龄化严重，不少农户将原本两季耕种的生产方式改为单季耕作，以节省时间、成本等投入而获得较高的自用效用。……