张良 孔永平 李法香 张环平 席洁娜



摘 要:本文運用共乳化技术,以处理后的工业杂醇和地沟油为原料,在乳化剂的作用下,经纳米乳化机和高能静态混合器的剪切分散、均匀混合、静置,制成燃料油。同时,研究了地沟油含量对燃料油的密度、热值、闪点和黏度等理化性能的影响。结果表明,本文所制备的燃料油的密度为0.864 g/cm3、热值为22 956.7 kJ/kg、闪点为81 ℃、黏度(20 ℃)为7.69 mm2/s,其性能参数满足《炉用燃料油》(GB 25989—2010)的标准要求,可用于锅炉供热。
关键词:杂醇;地沟油;乳化;燃料油;剪切
Abstract: This paper used co-emulsification technology, using processed industrial fusel and waste oil as raw materials. Under the action of emulsifiers, fuel oil was made by nano-emulsifier and high-energy static mixer to shear and disperse, uniformly mix, and stand. The effects of waste oil content on the physical and chemical properties of fuel oil such as density, heating value, flash point and viscosity were studied. The results showed that the fuel oil prepared in this paper had the density of 0.864 g/cm3, the calorific value of 22 956.7 kJ/kg, the flash point of 81 ℃, and the viscosity (20 ℃) of 7.69 mm2/s. Its performance parameters met the requirements of Fuel oil for Furnace(GB25989—2010) Standard requirements, and can be used for boiler heating.
Keywords: fusel;waste oil;emulsification;fuel oil;shear
1 研究背景
地沟油,主要是指来自餐厨行业的非食用的油脂混合物,其含有大量的动植物油脂。这些废油脂的主要成分是脂肪酸酯,具有热值高、密度大的特点。如何将其资源化,对其进行无害化处理是急需解决的问题。
工业杂醇易得、成本低廉,但其热值仅有4 000 cal,这严重上限制了其应用领域。
刘峥、赖丽燕、李巍等[1]以地沟油和甲醇为原料,以氢氧化钾为催化剂,对地沟油制备生物柴油进行探讨分析。试验结果表明:在反应温度为65 ℃、反应时间为2.5 h、醇油质量比为1∶5、催化剂用量为9%的条件下,反应转化率高达92.1%;生物柴油-醇基燃料的最佳助溶剂为1∶1∶1的正己醇、辛醇和油酸的混合液;生物柴油-醇基燃料的最优配方为生物柴油12wt%、助溶剂8wt%、助燃剂0.60wt%,产品热值高、经济效益好。周淑飞[2]等以减压渣油、重质蜡油、乙烯焦油为原料,利用微乳化降黏方法调合制备船用燃料油。试验表明:减压渣油、重质蜡油、乙烯焦油质量比为3∶4∶3时,燃料油的运动黏度为178.9 mm2/s,满足RME180船用燃料油黏度指标要求,而且成本降低21.28%。……