Artificial Intelligence in Education:Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development

【譯题】 教育中的人工智能：可持续发展的机遇和挑战

Product by UNESCO and ProFuturo Foundation联合国教科文组织和布罗孚图卢基金

Artificial Intelligence （AI） is producing new teaching and learning solutions that are currently being tested globally. These solutions require advanced infrastructures and an ecosystem of thriving innovators. How does that affect countries around the world， and especially developing nations？ Should AI be a priority to tackle in order to reduce the digital and social divide？

These are some of the questions explored in a Working Paper entitled ‘Artificial Intelligence in Education： Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Development presented by UNESCO and ProFuturo at Mobile Learning Week 2019. It features cases studies on how AI technology is helping education systems use data to improve educational equity and quality.

Concrete examples from countries such as China， Brazil and South Africa are examined on AIs contribution to learning outcomes， access to education and teacher support. Case studies from countries including the United Arab Emirates， Bhutan and Chile are presented on how AI is helping with data analytics in education management.

The Paper also explores the curriculum and standards dimension of AI， with examples from the European Union， Singapore and the Republic of Korea on how learners and teachers are preparing for an AI-saturated world.

Beyond the opportunities， the Paper also addresses the challenges and policy implications of introducing AI in education and preparing students for an AI-powered future. The challenges presented revolve around：

Developing a comprehensive view of public policy on AI for sustainable development： The complexity of the technological conditions needed to advance in this field require the alignment of multiple factors and institutions. Public policies have to work in partnership at international and national levels to create an ecosystem of AI that serves sustainable development.

Ensuring inclusion and equity for AI in education： The least developed countries are at risk of suffering new technological， economic and social divides with the development of AI. Some main obstacles such as basic technological infrastructure must be faced to establish the basic conditions for implementing new strategies that take advantage of AI to improve learning.

Preparing teachers for an AI-powered education： Teachers must learn new digital skills to use AI in a pedagogical and meaningful way and AI developers must learn how teachers work and create solutions that are sustainable in real-life environments.

Developing quality and inclusive data systems： If the world is headed towards the datafication of education， the quality of data should be the main chief concern. It′s essential to develop state capabilities to improve data collection and systematization. AI developments should be an opportunity to increase the importance of data in educational system management.

Enhancing research on AI in education： While it can be reasonably expected that research on AI in education will increase in the coming years， it is nevertheless worth recalling the difficulties that the education sector has had in taking stock of educational research in a significant way both for practice and policy-making.

Dealing with ethics and transparency in data collection， use and dissemination： AI opens many ethical concerns regarding access to education system， recommendations to individual students， personal data concentration， liability， impact on work， data privacy and ownership of data feeding algorithms. AI regulation will require public discussion on ethics， accountability， transparency and security.

The key discussions taking place at Mobile Learning Week 2019 address these challenges， offering the international educational community， governments and other stakeholders a unique opportunity to explore together the opportunities and threats of AI in all areas of education.

人工智能（AI）不斷为教学和学习提供新的解决方案，并在全球范围内接受检验。这些解决方案需要先进的基础设施和积极创新的教育生态系统与之配套。这对世界各国，尤其是发展中国家有何影响？人工智能应该成为缩小数字和社会鸿沟的优先事项吗？

联合国教科文组织和布罗孚图卢（ProFuturo）在2019年移动学习周期间发布了《教育中的人工智能：可持续发展的机遇和挑战》工作报告，并在其中探究了这些问题。文件以人工智能技术如何帮助教育系统利用数据推动教育平等、提高教育质量为核心，分析了相关研究案例。

借助中国、巴西、南非等国的具体事例，文件研究了人工智能对学习成果、受教育机会和教师支持的影响。阿联酋、不丹和智利等国的案例则佐证了人工智能如何推动教育管理中的数据分析工作。

此外，文件还探讨了关于人工智能的课程和标准问题，并列举了欧盟、新加坡和韩国的案例，以探讨学生和教师如何为面对充满人工智能的世界做好准备。

在分析机遇的同时，文件也阐述了将人工智能引入教育、帮助学生为人工智能未来做好准备时，所遇到的挑战和所收获的政策启示。这些挑战主要表现在以下几个方面。

提升制定全面的人工智能公共政策的能力，助力实现可持续发展：推动该领域发展所需的技术环境十分复杂，这要求多种因素和制度保持和谐一致。……