纳米超疏水防护涂层对石质材料透气性能影响研究

2020-07-08 09:45:17王静张佳张旭王华军
河北工业大学学报 2020年3期

王静 张佳 张旭 王华军

摘要 对纳米超疏水防护涂层处理后的3种石质材料样品的表面状态、透气性以及耐候性进行了试验。结果表明,岩石样品表面喷涂处理后,平均接触角为164°,达到超疏水状态,且具备良好的耐酸腐蚀能力。涂层会对石质材料透气性产生不同程度的衰减作用,其中对花岗岩影响微弱,大理岩次之,砂岩较为严重。涂层处理后石质材料的耐候性差异较大,强弱顺序为花岗岩>大理岩>砂岩。就石质文物保护而言,上述纳米超疏水防护涂层适宜用于花岗岩,可用于大理岩,但不适宜用于孔隙率较高的砂岩。

关 键 词 石质材料;超疏水涂层;透气性;接触角

中圖分类号 TQ630     文献标志码 A

Effects of nano super-hydrophobic protective coatings on the gas permeability of rock materials

WANG Jing1, ZHANG Jia2, ZHANG Xu2, WANG Huajun1

(1. School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; 2. School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China)

Abstract Surface characteristics, gas permeability and weather resistance of three kinds of rock materials covered with nano super-hydrophobic protective coatings (NSHPCs) were tested. Results showed that the surfaces of rock samples with NSHPCs had an average contact angle of 164° as well as a good acid resistance performance. NSHPCs had a different abated effect on gas permeability of rock samples with the following the order: granite < marble < sandstone. Weather resistance of rock samples with NSHPCs was different with the following  decreasing order: granite > marble > sandstone. For the protection of stone relics, the present NSHPCs were very suitable for granite, acceptable for marble, but unsuitable for sandstone with a high porosity.

Key words rock materials;super-hydrophobic coatings;gas permeability;contact angle

0 引言

石质文物在整体文物中占相对较高的比例,其加固与防护已经成为当前不可移动文物预防性保护工作的重要内容之一。石质文物防护的基本原则主要包括最小干预、不改文物原貌、有效性、持久性及可逆性等内容[1],处理后的石质文物应具有足够的透气性,保证内部与外界环境之间能够进行必要的物质与能量交换。此外,防护材料应具有较强的耐候性,以达到持久防护的效果。前人在石质文物防护方面开展了大量的研究工作,先后开发出一系列无机、有机、仿生及复合型等表面防护材料[2]。例如,张秉坚等[3]较早研制了一种适合于碳酸岩文物的草酸钙矿化膜材料。在石质文物防护中,各类树脂、有机聚合物是最常见的使用剂。但是,大多数树脂在长期紫外线作用下容易变色,而有机聚合物也存在耐候性、透气性、应力损伤、可溶盐破坏等诸多问题。例如,……

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