杨瑞祺 王康 杨依忠 张章 陈峰



摘 要: 图像增强在图像处理中有着重要的作用,常用方法有直方图均衡化和灰度值线性拉伸法等,但是这两种方法对图像质量的改善不甚理想。因此,文中提出一种基于二次函数灰度值拉伸的图像增强算法,利用两段二次函数对图像进行灰度值自我调整,同时综合考虑图像对比度增强效果及硬件电路的易实现性,在Matlab上进行算法设计及仿真,在FPGA硬件平台上进行实现及验证。结果表明,所提算法能有效处理不同场景图像,处理后的图像层次感更强,质量更佳,观感更好。
关键词: 图像增强算法; 灰度值拉伸; 算法设计; 阈值调节; Matlab仿真; 实现验证
中图分类号: TN911.73?34; TP391.41 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2020)08?0072?05
Image enhancement algorithm based on quadratic function and its
implementation with FPGA
YANG Ruiqi, WANG Kang, YANG Yizhong, ZHANG Zhang, CHEN Feng
(School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China)
Abstract: The image enhancement plays an important role in the image processing, whose common methods are histogram equalization, linear stretching for gray value and so on, but these two methods are not effective enough for the image quality improvement. An image enhancement algorithm based on quadratic function for gray value stretching is proposed, in which the gray value of images are self?adjusted with two quadratic functions, and the effectiveness of image contrast enhancement and the implementation feasibility of hardware circuit are comprehensively considered. The algorithm design and simulation are performed with the Matlab, and its implementation and verification are conducted on the FPGA hardware platform. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can handle different scene images effectively, and the processed images have stronger layering sense, better quality and better visual perception.
Keywords: image enhancement algorithm; gray value stretching; algorithm design; threshold regulation; Matlab simulation; implementation verification
0 引 言
圖像增强[1?2]是数字图像处理中用于改善图像质量以及图像视觉效果的一种方法。图像增强可以使得图片更加清晰,细节部分更加突出。经过改善后的图像可以改善人眼的视觉观感,因此,其在医疗[2?3]、城市交通[4?5]、视频监控[6?7]及图像去雾[8?9]等领域都有着广泛的应用。
图像增强主要分为空间域和频域这两大类[10]。频域图像增强的基础是傅里叶变换和滤波技术[11],所以,基于频域的图像增强硬件实现相对复杂。空间域图像增强的基础是灰度级映射变换和模板卷积[12],易于通过硬件实现。基于空间域的图像增强算法可以分为直方图均衡化法[13]和灰度变换法[14]。直方图均衡化法是将原图中的图像灰度值进行重新分配后形成新的灰度值组,从而实现了对比度的增强,这种方法的优点是计算简单,容易实现。……