花椰菜杂交新品种“崇花6号”的选育

2020-08-03 02:01:00覃祥黄成超
安徽农学通报 2020年9期

覃祥 黄成超

摘 要:通过选育雄性不育系,利用杂种优势技术,以CM120-3为母本、SS180-4为父本培育出名为“崇花6号”的晚熟花椰菜杂交新品种,其具有适应性广、耐寒、高产等优势,适合在长江中下游地区种植。

关键词:花椰菜;崇花6号;杂交制种

中图分类号  S63文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2020)09-0018-04

Breeding of a New Cauliflower Hybrid Variety “Chonghua No. 6”

Qin Xiang1 et al.

(1Agricultural Comprehensive Technology Promotion Service Center, Gangxi Town, Chongming District, Shanghai City, Shanghai 202154, China)

Abstract: This paper introduces the breeding of male sterile lines and the utilization, and the breeding of new late-maturing cauliflower hybrids through the field variety comparison test and production test, a new hybrid variety named “Chonghua No. 6” was developed by the parents whose parents were CM120-3 and SS180-4 respectively. A new cauliflower hybrid variety Chonghua No. 6 was developed by breeding, which is suitable for planting in Yangtze Plain area and has the advantages of wide adaptability, cold tolerance and high yield.

Key words: Cauliflower; Chonghua No.6; Hybrid seed production

花椰菜是一种十字花科(Brassicaceae)蔬菜,为甘蓝的变种,其含有丰富的营养成分,产量高,可以为蔬菜市场提供充足的货源,满足人们的生活需要。花椰菜产量和品质的高低,在很大程度上受到了品种的影响。因此,为培育产量高、品质佳、耐寒性好、抗病虫害能力强的花椰菜新品种,笔者开展了花椰菜新品种的选育研究,以期促进花椰菜产业增产提质增效。

1 选育过程

1.1 母本CM120-3 2003年,从崇明本地收集到的农家花椰菜品种(崇明本地菜农30多年前自留品种,以下统一简称“本地农家品种”),通过自交分离和田间性状鉴定筛选,2007年获得稳定的单株系CMF120,同年以本单位紧实型花椰菜中的优良雄性不育源为母本,以CMF120为轮回亲本,经过连续6年的杂交和回交核置换,同时对轮回亲本进行自交繁殖和定向选择,不育胞质从原来的不育材料中转入优良亲本CMF120中,并获得CM120-1、CM120-2、CM120-3等5个回交6代的不育系,并从中筛选出雄性败育彻底,不育率为100%的优良雄性不育系CM120-3及对应的保持系CMF120。母本CM120-3表现为适应性好,耐寒能力强,平均株高为56cm,开展度71cm,叶片长椭圆形,较厚,深绿色,腊质中等,花球蕾粒小,球面平,球高12.8cm,球径18.7cm,单球重1.5kg左右,生长较旺盛,耐寒性强,低温下不易毛花和红花,品质优,花球实,比重高,定植至采收120d左右。……

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